Zhang Xiong (1803–1886): A Master of Tranquility and Floral Impression Zhang Xiong, born in Shanghai around 1803, emerged as a prominent figure in the Qing dynasty’s artistic landscape—a period marked by profound cultural shifts and imperial patronage. His legacy rests primarily on his exquisite landscapes and floral paintings, which exemplify the ideals of Neo-Confucianism and embody a deep appreciation for the natural world. Unlike many artists of his time focused on grand historical narratives or mythological themes, Xiong cultivated a distinctive style characterized by subtle tonal varia…