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      A catalogue of Modern masters

      The 99 Greatest Modern Painters

      Among the Modern painters, Πάμπλο Πικάσο (1881–1973) holds the first place, celebrated for Οι Νέες της Αβινιόν and Γκουέρνικα. Άντι Γουόρχολ, Φρίντα Κάλο, Σαλβαδόρ Νταλί and Πητ Μοντριάν follow. The catalogue spans 99 masters, from Μωρίς Ντενί (born 1870) to Άνσελμ Κίφερ (born 1945), across 26 countries.

      About this catalogue. This catalogue gathers the artists whose works our collection records as Modern, ordered by our fame ranking. Artists born after 1955 with no Wikidata record await verification. Beside each name, the number of our 32 languages in which Wikipedia devotes an article to the artist.

      1. Οι Νέες της Αβινιόν by Πάμπλο Πικάσο1Πάμπλο Πικάσο
      2. Campbell's Soup Cans by Άντι Γουόρχολ2Άντι Γουόρχολ
      3. Viva la Vida by Φρίντα Κάλο3Φρίντα Κάλο

      The collection in brief

      Modern: the collection in brief

      • 99Artists
      • 1870–1945Years of birth
      • 26Countries of birth
      • 17Women
      • 3Living artists
      • 29.146Works in our catalogue
      Cities with most births
      Παρίσι (4), Νέα Υόρκη (3), Δρέσδη (2), Μανχάταν (2)

      Master by master

      The catalogue: 99 Modern Painters

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      Πάμπλο Πικάσο

      Ισπανός Born in Μάλαγα Κυβισμός, Σουρεαλισμός Wikipedia, 32 of 32 languages

      Πάμπλο Πικάσο

      In 1967, he gifted the city of Chicago an untitled monumental sculpture made of COR-TEN steel. This massive, fifty-foot structure, which he suggested represented the head of his Afghan Hound, Kabul, transformed the urban landscape of Daley Plaza. He lived through the most violent upheavals of his century, from the Spanish Civil War to the World Wars, and his ability to translate such chaos into a visual language ensured that his work remained a mirror to the human condition.

      On view at To walk through the halls of the Musée Picasso in Paris is to enter a sanctuary where the artist's restless spirit remains palpable.

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      Φρίντα Κάλο

      Μεξικανή Born in Βίλα ντε Κογιοακάν Σουρεαλισμός, μεξικανικό λαϊκό στυλ τέχνης, Ρεαλισμός Wikipedia, 32 of 32 languages

      Φρίντα Κάλο

      In 1929, Frida Kahlo marries the Mexican muralist Diego Rivera. Amidst this emotional turbulence, a personal transformation occurs; around 1935, she drops the "e" from her name, transitioning from Frieda to Frida. André Breton recognized her within the Surrealist movement, describing her art as a ribbon around a bomb.

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      Σαλβαδόρ Νταλί

      Ισπανός Born in Φιγέρες Σουρεαλισμός Wikipedia, 32 of 32 languages

      Σαλβαδόρ Νταλί

      His early training was shaped by the textures of Impressionism and the precise draftsmanship of the Renaissance masters. By 1929, he had joined the Surrealist group, a move that signaled a shift toward the irrational.

      On view at To find his traces, one can travel to Figueres, Spain, where the Dalí Theatre-Museum sits.

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      Πητ Μοντριάν

      Born in Άμερσφοορτ Wikipedia, 32 of 32 languages

      Πητ Μοντριάν

      The canvas becomes a site of absolute reduction. Composition with Red, Black, Blue, Yellow and Grey. Yves Saint Laurent translated the geometric principles of the movement into the Mondrian Collection.

      On view at The search for Mondrian’s visual logic leads to several key institutions across Europe and North America.

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      Ζουάν Μιρό

      Ισπανός Born in Βαρκελώνη ['Σουρεαλισμός', 'Φαυβισμός', 'Εκφρασιονισμός'] Wikipedia, 32 of 32 languages

      Ζουάν Μιρό

      He views conventional painting as a tool for bourgeois society, an approach he seeks to dismantle through a restless, iconoclastic practice. This versatility allows him to escape the constraints of traditional representation. This was followed by the establishment of the Fundació Pilar i Joan Miró in Palma de Mallorca in 1981.

      On view at The most concentrated encounter with his creative output occurs on the Montjuïc hill in Barcelona, Spain.

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      Μαρκ Σαγκάλ

      Ρωσο-Γαλλική Born in Λιοζνά Εκφραστισμός, Κουβισμός, Φαυβισμός, Σουρεαλισμός Wikipedia, 32 of 32 languages

      Μαρκ Σαγκάλ

      Chagall rejects the rigid rules of pictorial logic, choosing instead to compose images through poetic association. In works like The Lovers (1929), the sense of weightlessness and the use of intense color create a space where the physical laws of the world no longer apply. He shares this space with Amedeo Modigliani and Fernand Léger, figures who are redefining the boundaries of modern expression.

      On view at The legacy of his vision remains anchored in several key institutions across the globe.

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      Μαρσέλ Ντυσάν

      Γαλλικός-Αμερικανός Born in Μπλαινβίλ-Κρεβόν ['Κυβισμός', 'Νταδισμός', 'Κεντρική Τέχνη'] Wikipedia, 31 of 32 languages

      Μαρσέλ Ντυσάν

      He found himself drawn to the ideas of Paul Cézanne, whose approach to form and structure left a mark on his developing vision. The year 1911 brought a significant shift as he became associated with a Cubist group. The ripples from his provocations reached far beyond the small circles of the avant-garde, eventually reshaping the very foundations of how we perceive creativity.

      On view at To follow the traces of his restless intellect, one might travel to the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

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      Πάουλ Κλέε

      German and Swiss Born in Μύνχενμπουχζεε Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism Wikipedia, 31 of 32 languages

      Πάουλ Κλέε

      His approach to a canvas was rarely about simple imitation; instead, he built his compositions through a highly individual style influenced by expressionism, cubism, and surrealism. He was also a prolific printmaker, utilizing zinc-plate etchings and lithographs to expand his visual language.

      On view at To find the traces of his prolific output, one might travel to Bern, Switzerland.

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      Τζάκσον Πόλοκ

      American Born in Κόντυ Abstract Expressionism Wikipedia, 31 of 32 languages

      Τζάκσον Πόλοκ

      By 1947, a profound shift had taken hold in the way he approached the canvas. This change allowed him to stand over his work, becoming part of the creative act itself. His presence helped solidify New York City's position as a global center for modern art, moving the heart of the avant-garde away from European dominance.

      On view at In New York City, the Museum of Modern Art holds several of his canvases, allowing viewers to stand before the sprawling, uncentered compositions that defined his era.

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      Καζιμίρ Μαλέβιτς

      Ρωσικός/Ουκρανικός Born in Κίεβο Σουπρεματισμός, Αφηρημένη Τέχνη Wikipedia, 31 of 32 languages

      Καζιμίρ Μαλέβιτς

      He was a frequent participant in the era's defining exhibitions, including the second exhibition of the Soyuz Molodyozhi group in St. By 1912, his presence in the art scene was firmly established through his involvement with the Donkey's Tail collective in Moscow. The principles of geometric precision and the pursuit of the essential found echoes in the work of Josef Albers and Ad Reinhardt.

      On view at The physical presence of his radical geometry can be found in several major institutions across the globe.

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      Αμεντέο Μοντιλιάνι

      Ιταλός Born in Λιβόρνο Εκφρατισμός Wikipedia, 32 of 32 languages

      Αμεντέο Μοντιλιάνι

      In 1907, he met the German Expressionist painter Ludwig Meidner, and his social circle continued to expand through encounters with the writer Blaise Cendrars and the critic Adolphe Basler. He became close friends with the Romanian sculptor Constantin Brâncuși, a relationship that would influence his own approach to form.

      On view at In the United States, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York holds significant pieces, including a portrait of Jeanne Hebuterne from 1918.

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      Ζωρζ Μπρακ

      Γάλλος Born in Αρζαντέιγ ['Φαουβισμός', 'Κυβισμός', 'Αναালিτικός Κυβισμός', 'Συνθετικός Κυβισμός'] Wikipedia, 31 of 32 languages

      Ζωρζ Μπρακ

      Braque’s approach to the canvas was defined by a restless curiosity regarding the physical properties of his materials. By incorporating real-world materials such as newspaper clippings, wallpaper, and fabric, he disrupted the singular perspective of the picture plane. The early years of Braque's career were shaped by the lingering shadows of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism.

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      Ρενέ Μαγκρίτ

      Βέλγος Born in Λεσίν Σουρεαλισμός Wikipedia, 32 of 32 languages

      Ρενέ Μαγκρίτ

      Upon returning to his studies, he began to move away from the soft edges of Impressionism, experimenting instead with the fractured planes of Cubism and the dynamic energy of Futurism. The 1914 painting The Song of Love left a lasting impression on him, introducing a sense of dreamlike tension that resonated deeply.

      On view at The preservation of his visual puzzles is distributed across several major institutions, ensuring his presence remains felt in both Europe and the Americas.

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      Ντέιβιντ Χόκνεϊ

      Βρετανός Born in Μπράντφορντ Ποπ Άρτ Wikipedia, 23 of 32 languages

      Ντέιβιντ Χόκνεϊ

      His formal training began at the Bradford School of Art from 1953 to 1957, where he focused on drawing from life and portraiture. He later moved to London to study at the Royal College of Art, graduating in 1962 with a Gold Medal distinction.

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      Έγκον Σίλε

      Αυστριακός Born in Τουλν αν ντερ Ντόναου Αυστριακός Εκφραστισμός Wikipedia, 32 of 32 languages

      Έγκον Σίλε

      He moves through the city's artistic circles, eventually meeting Gustav Klimt. By 1909, he is actively challenging the established order, co-founding the Neues Wiener Kunstgruppe and the Neukunstgruppe. His departure from the decorative gold of the Secession movement toward a more visceral, psychological exploration of the human form changed the trajectory of figurative painting.

      On view at The weight of Schiele’s output is felt most heavily in Vienna.

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      Μαξ Ερνστ

      Γερμανός Born in Μπρυλ ['Νταϊδισμός', 'Σουρεαλισμός'] Wikipedia, 30 of 32 languages

      Μαξ Ερνστ

      While at the University of Bonn, he did not focus solely on the brush and canvas. In 1911, he became part of the Die Rheinischen Expressionisten group. Seeing the works of Pablo Picasso, Vincent van Gogh, and Paul Gauguin changed his perspective.

      On view at Finding the traces of Max Ernst's restless imagination requires a trip through several major cultural hubs.

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      Φράνσις Μπέικον

      Ιρλανδός Born in Δουβλίνο Εκφραστισμός, Κυβισμός, Σουρεαλισμός Wikipedia, 30 of 32 languages

      Φράνσις Μπέικον

      Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (1944). Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (1944).

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      Γκέρχαρντ Ρίχτερ

      Γερμανός Born in Δρέσδη ['Φωτορεαλισμός', 'Αβηρασία'] Wikipedia, 28 of 32 languages

      Γκέρχαρντ Ρίχτερ

      After dropping out of school at age fifteen, Richter enters the industrial landscape of post-war Germany. In 1951, he begins formal studies at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts. In 1972, he represented West Germany at the Venice Biennale, a moment that solidified his standing on the international stage.

      On view at The physical presence of Richter’s practice spans major institutional collections across Europe.

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      Βίλεμ ντε Κούνινγκ

      Ολλανδός-Αμερικανός Born in Ρότερνταμ Αφηρημένος Εξπρεσιονισμός Wikipedia, 30 of 32 languages

      Βίλεμ ντε Κούνινγκ

      From his teenage years until 1924, he attends these classes in Rotterdam, balancing the demands of work with the study of formal art. This period of focused training provides the essential tools for the radical shifts that await him across the Atlantic. He moves through a landscape of ideas, absorbing the influence of Stuart Davis and John Graham, whose presence helps steer his vocabulary away from literal depiction.

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      Τζάσπερ Τζονς

      American Born in Ογκάστα Wikipedia, 24 of 32 languages

      Τζάσπερ Τζονς

      This method allows for a physical depth that sits on the canvas, sometimes incorporating collage and newsprint directly into the wax. These layers do not suggest a quick, spontaneous gesture. Later, in 2011, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

      On view at To see his paintings and sculptures in person, one might travel to New York City.

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      Ρόι Λίχτενσταϊν

      American Born in Μανχάταν Pop Art Wikipedia, 28 of 32 languages

      Ρόι Λίχτενσταϊν

      Lichtenstein strips away the visible brushstroke, replacing the artist's hand with the cold, calculated language of mass production. Texture is achieved through a deliberate, systematic application of Ben-Day dots. He did not merely participate in the Pop Art movement; he helped originate it, establishing a visual vocabulary that remains a primary reference point for how we consume images in a media-saturated age.

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      Τζώρτζια Ο'Κήφι

      Αμερικανική Born in Σουν Πράιρι Αμερικανικός μοντερνισμός Wikipedia, 31 of 32 languages

      Τζώρτζια Ο'Κήφι

      Georgia O'Keeffe was born on November 15, 1887, in a farmhouse near Sun Prairie, Wisconsin. Between 1905 and 1906, she attended the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. His methods moved her away from the constraints of strict realism.

      On view at To see her paintings in person, one can travel to Santa Fe, New Mexico, where The Georgia O'Keeffe Museum holds a significant portion of her output.

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      Μάρκος Ρόθκο

      Αμερικανός Born in Ντάουγαβπύλς Χρωματική Προσκυνησία

      Μάρκος Ρόθκο

      After time spent at Yale University, the pull of the city led him away from formal academics. By 1940, he made the decision to change his name to Mark Rothko. His paintings are recognized as some of the most significant works of 20th-century art, often found in the permanent collections of major institutions like the Museum of Modern Art in New York and the Tate Modern in London.

      On view at To stand before his canvases is to experience the weight of color in a quiet room.

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      Ντιέγκο Ριβέρα

      Μεξικανός Born in Γκουαναχουάτο Μεσόγειος Μυαλισμός Wikipedia, 31 of 32 languages

      Ντιέγκο Ριβέρα

      Creation (1922): Ο πρώτος σημαντικός πίνακάς του, χρησιμοποιώντας την τεχνική encaustic. Dreams of a Sunday in the Alameda: Ένα αμφιλεγόμενο έργο που γνωρίζει μια απεικόνιση της άθεϊας και ιστορικών προσωπικοτήτων. Secretaría de Educación Pública Murals: Δείχνουν τον μοναδικό του στυλ με μεγάλα, απλοποιημένα σχήματα και έντονα χρώματα που επηρεάστηκαν από την αζτεκάτικη τέχνη.

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      Φερνάν Λεζέ

      Γάλλος Born in Αρζαντάν ['Κουβισμός', 'Tubism', "Section d'Or", 'Πουρισμός', 'Δαδαιδισμός', 'Κονστρουκτιβισμός'] Wikipedia, 27 of 32 languages

      Φερνάν Λεζέ

      His brush moved with a rhythmic, almost industrial precision, seeking to capture the pulse of a changing era. He moved away from the soft, blended shadows of the past, choosing instead to build his compositions through a language of robust, geometric strength. Alongside Jean Metzinger and Henri Le Fauconnier, he explored the mathematical and structural possibilities of this new language.

      On view at To encounter the physical presence of his vision, one might travel to the south of France, specifically to Biot in the Alpes-Maritimes.

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      Τζόρτζιο ντε Κίρικο

      Ιταλός Born in Βόλος Μεταφυσική τέχνη Wikipedia, 29 of 32 languages

      Τζόρτζιο ντε Κίρικο

      De Chirico’s approach to painting was a way of looking past the surface of the everyday to find a hidden, unsettling poetry. His metaphysical works often feel suspended in time, characterized by an eerie stillness that makes the viewer feel as though they have stepped into a quiet, lonely dream. Artists like René Magritte and Salvador Dalí found deep inspiration in his metaphysical paintings, drawing on his ability to create tension through unexpected juxtapositions and distorted perspectives.

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      Όσκαρ Κοκόσκα

      Αυστριακός, Τσεχικός, Βρετανικός Born in Πόχλαν Εκφρασιονισμός, Βιεννέζικη Αβανγκάρντ Wikipedia, 29 of 32 languages

      Όσκαρ Κοκόσκα

      Kokoschka’s approach to the canvas was far from the polished, academic methods taught in traditional schools. His work often felt restless, as if the paint itself were struggling to settle. In 1909, he wrote the short play Murderer, the Hope of Women, which is often recognized as one of the first Expressionist dramas.

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      Ερνστ Λούντβιχ Κίρχνερ

      Γερμανός Born in Ασάφενμπουργκ Γερμανικός Εξπρεσιονισμός Wikipedia, 32 of 32 languages

      Ερνστ Λούντβιχ Κίρχνερ

      Ernst Ludwig Kirchner was born on 6 May 1880 in Aschaffenburg, Germany. After obtaining his school-leaving certificate in 1901, he enrolled at the university in Dresden to study architecture. Kirchner remains a central figure of the German Expressionist movement, a presence that helped define the visual language of a transformative era.

      On view at The physical presence of Kirchner’s vision is scattered across several major institutions, reflecting the international reach of his influence.

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      Χουάν Γκρίς

      Spanish Born in Μαδρίτη Cubism, Synthetic Cubism, Analytical Cubism Wikipedia, 31 of 32 languages

      Χουάν Γκρίς

      There is a certain mathematical logic to how he builds a canvas. In many of his works, he moves away from the chaotic, shattering abstraction seen in earlier Cubism, opting instead for a more organized and legible structure. He was one of the three leading figures of Cubism, working in the same orbit as Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.

      On view at Tracing the physical presence of his work requires a trip through several major collections.

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      Άρσιλε Γκόρκυ

      Αρμένιος-Αμερικανός Born in Χόργομ Αφηρημένος Εκφρασιονισμός, Σουρεαλισμός Wikipedia, 24 of 32 languages

      Άρσιλε Γκόρκυ

      Seeking a different path, he enrolled in classes at the New England School of Art. One such early work, a self-portrait from about 1923–24, uses gestural marks to define the features of the face, focusing on the bridge of the nose and the weight of a collar. He acted as a bridge, connecting the Surrealist painters of Europe to the emerging American movement.

      On view at To see the physical traces of his hand, one might travel to Washington, D.C.

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      Ζαν Ντουμπεφέ

      French Born in Λε Χάβρε Art Brut Wikipedia, 23 of 32 languages

      Ζαν Ντουμπεφέ

      During the 1940s and 1950s, his work took on a heavy, tactile presence. The Hourloupe cycle is characterized by flat, interlocking forms that appear to weave through one another. By championing the concept of Art Brut, he redirected the gaze of the art world toward the unrefined expressions of children, prisoners, and the mentally ill.

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      Άντρέ Ντεράιν

      Γάλλος Born in Σατού ['Φαβισμός', 'Νεοκλασικισμός'] Wikipedia, 28 of 32 languages

      Άντρέ Ντεράιν

      In March 1906, the art dealer Ambroise Vollard saw a new direction for the artist and sent him to London. Derain arrived in the English capital and began to see the urban landscape through a lens of intense color, moving away from the quietude of the French countryside. His restless search for a new visual language meant that the lessons learned in the sun-drenched landscapes of Collioure eventually traveled north, influencing the development of German Expressionism.

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      Μωρίς ντε Βλαμένκ

      Γάλλος Born in Παρίσι Φαουβισμός Wikipedia, 26 of 32 languages

      Μωρίς ντε Βλαμένκ

      Vlaminck stands as a cornerstone of the Fauvist movement (1904–1908), an artistic revolution that irrevocably altered the landscape of early 20th-century painting. Similarly, Paul Cézanne exerted considerable influence on Vlaminck's artistic trajectory after 1908, prompting him to adopt a more restrained palette dominated by monochromatic tones—a stylistic shift mirroring Cézanne’s exploration of underlying geometric structures within natural forms.

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      Μαξ Μπέκμαν

      Γερμανός Born in Λειψία Εκφρασιονισμός, Νέα Αντικειμενικότητα Wikipedia, 27 of 32 languages

      Μαξ Μπέκμαν

      By 1912, he was already tackling ambitious subjects that required a command of large-scale composition. One such work was his painting of The Sinking of the Titanic, a piece that demonstrated his ability to handle complex, dramatic narratives. Even as he navigated the difficult years of exile in Amsterdam and his eventual move to the United States, his voice remained distinct.

      On view at Finding the physical traces of Beckmann's life requires traveling through the cities that shaped his exile and his later years.

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      Βικτώρ Βαζαρελί

      Ουγγρο-Γαλλική Born in Πετς Op Art, Κινητική Τέχνη, Γεωμετρική Αφαίρεση Wikipedia, 27 of 32 languages

      Βικτώρ Βαζαρελί

      Vasarely’s approach relies on a systematic use of geometry to trigger a physical response in the viewer. Instead, he used a sophisticated interplay of high-contrast pigments to simulate depth and movement. In 1982, his work traveled into space when serigraphs were included aboard the French-Soviet spacecraft Salyut 7.

      On view at Tracing the physical presence of his work requires traveling across several locations in France and Hungary.

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      Φριντενσράιχ Χουντερτβάσερ

      Αυστριακός Born in Βιέννη Νεορεαλισμός Wikipedia, 29 of 32 languages

      Φριντενσράιχ Χουντερτβάσερ

      Hundertwasserhaus (Βιέννη): Ίσως η πιο διάσημη δημιουργία του, το Hundertwasserhaus είναι ένα ζωντανό διαμέρισμα στη Βιέννη, που χαρακτηρίζεται από τους κυματιστούς ορόφους, τα ακανόνιστα παράθυρα και την πολύχρωμη πρόσοψη διακοσμημένη με δέντρα και φυτά. Εκπροσωπεί την άρνησή του προς τις ευθείες γραμλομάδες και τον τυποποιημένο σχεδιασμό.

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      Λουίζ Μπουρζουά

      Γάλλου-Αμερικανή Born in 6ο δημοτικό διαμέρισμα του Παρισιού Εξπρεσιονισμός, Σουρεαλισμός Wikipedia, 27 of 32 languages

      Λουίζ Μπουρζουά

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      Μαν Ρέι

      Αμερικανός Born in Πhiladelphia Δαδεϊσμός, Σουρεαλισμός

      Μαν Ρέι

      This meeting ignited a shared passion for dismantling conventional notions of art—a rebellious spirit that propelled him directly into the heart of the Dada movement. Dada, born from the disillusionment following World War I, was a radical anti-art protest, rejecting established values and embracing chance, absurdity, and irony. He remains a pivotal figure in the history of Surrealism, shaping its visual language and influencing countless artists across various disciplines.

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      Τζορτζ Γκρος

      Γερμανός Born in Βερολίνο Νέα Αντικειμενικότητα, Dada Wikipedia, 28 of 32 languages

      Τζορτζ Γκρος

      The boy who would eventually dissect the soul of Berlin first learned the weight of loss in the Pomeranian town of Stolp, in the Free State of Prussia. His childhood was shaped by the quietude of this region until the year 1900, when his father’s death uprooted the family.

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      Χανς Αρπ

      Γερμανός Born in Στρασβούργο Νεοδαριανισμός και Συρρεαλισμός Wikipedia, 29 of 32 languages

      Χανς Αρπ

      His heritage was marked by duality: his mother, Marguerite Arp Hagenbach, descended from Huguenot nobility fleeing persecution during the Reformation; his father, Wilhelm Arp, was a German civil servant. A decisive move to Paris in 1908 propelled him into the epicenter of artistic innovation, enrolling at the Académie Julian and encountering luminaries like Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse. His pioneering role in organic abstraction—his embrace of chance operations—and his unwavering commitment to exploring the fundamental forces of life secured his place as a pivotal figure within the avant-garde.

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      Remedios Varo

      Spanish-Mexican Born in Άνγκλεσ Para-Surrealism Wikipedia, 19 of 32 languages

      Remedios Varo

      In the quiet corners of her studio, Remedios Varo worked with a meticulousness that mirrored the technical drawings of her father, a hydraulic engineer. Her upbringing in Anglès, Spain, provided a foundation of duality. She moved through the world with a curious eye, absorbing the landscapes of her frequent relocations and the formal training she received at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in Madrid.

      Principal works · The hundred celebrated works

      66of 99

      Τέο φαν Ντέσμπουργκ

      Ολλανδός Born in Ουτρέχτη De Stijl, Νεοπλαστικισμός Wikipedia, 27 of 32 languages

      Τέο φαν Ντέσμπουργκ

      While celebrated as a painter, Theo van Doesburg’s artistic pursuits were remarkably diverse. His engagement with Dadaism in the early 1920s further broadened his artistic horizons, leading to experimental works that incorporated collage and typography. Composition with half values (1928): Demonstrates van Doesburg’s exploration of tonal variations within the De Stijl aesthetic, showcasing his subtle manipulation of light and shadow.

      Principal works · The hundred celebrated works

      71of 99

      Όμπρεϊ Μπίρτνσλυ

      Βρετανός Born in Μπράιτον Αρτ Νουβό Wikipedia, 27 of 32 languages

      Όμπρεϊ Μπίρτνσλυ

      This fascination with the macabre and exotic fueled his exploration of themes like sexual identity, psychological torment, and decadent indulgence. Beardsley’s style embodied the spirit of Art Nouveau, rejecting Victorian morality in favor of sensual beauty and symbolic storytelling. Notably influenced by Oscar Wilde—whose play Salome commissioned him to create illustrations—Beardsley skillfully blended artistic innovation with literary sophistication.

      Principal works · The hundred celebrated works

      72of 99

      Αλεξάντερ Κάλντερ

      Σκωτσέζος-Αμερικανός Born in Άμπερνεϊ Αρχιτεκτονική γλυπτική Wikipedia, 28 of 32 languages

      Αλεξάντερ Κάλντερ

      Bailly και συμμετείχε σε μαθήματα με τον Thomas Eakins στην Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. Η καλλιτεχνική του προσφορά περιλαμβάνει ορισμένα από τα πιο εντυπωσιακά μνημειακά έργα της εποχής: Δημοτικό Παλάτι Φιλαδέλφειας: μια τεράστια παραγγελία που περιλάμβανε περισσότερα από 250 κομμάτια σε μάρμαρο και μπρούντζο, η οποία απέκτησε 20 χρόνια για την ολοκλήρωσή της.

      Principal works · The hundred celebrated works

      75of 99

      Λεονόρα Κάρρινγκτον

      Βρετανο-Μεξικανή Born in Clayton-le-Woods Σουρεαλισμός Wikipedia, 22 of 32 languages

      Λεονόρα Κάρρινγκτον

      Leonora Carrington’s art is a captivating tapestry woven with threads of mythology, folklore, alchemy, Kabbalah, and deeply personal symbolism. Arca de Noé (1967), a vibrant depiction of Noah’s Ark teeming with fantastical creatures, exemplifies her exploration of creation and renewal. In Mexico City, Carrington found not only artistic freedom but also intellectual kinship.

      Principal works · The hundred celebrated works

      88of 99

      Amrita Sher-Gil

      Ουγγρο-Ινдійη Born in Βουδαπέστη Σύγχρονη Ινδική τέχνη, Αβανγκάρντ Wikipedia, 20 of 32 languages

      Amrita Sher-Gil

      Young Girls (1932): Ένα καθοριστικό πρώιμο έργο που της απέδωσε διεθνή αναγνώριση. Self Portrait (7): Επιδεικνύει το εξελισσόμενο στυλ της και την εξερεύνηση της ταυτότητας. Sleep (1933): Ένα συγκινητικό γυμνό πορτρέτο που αντανακλά την μοναδική καλλιτεχνική της οπτική.

      Principal works · The hundred celebrated works

      92of 99

      Πάουλα Ρέγκο

      Πορτογάλου Born in Λισαβόνα Συρεαλισμός, Εκφραστισμός, Φεμινιστική Τέχνη Wikipedia, 18 of 32 languages

      Πάουλα Ρέγκο

      The significance of Paula Rego’s career cannot be overstated. Her exhibitions at prestigious institutions like the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation and the Tate solidified her reputation on the international stage, ensuring that her vision reached far beyond the borders of the UK and Portugal.

      Principal works · The hundred celebrated works

      93of 99

      Γιόζεφ Άλμπερς

      Γερμανός-Αμερικανός Born in Μπότροπ Γεωμετρικός Αποκλεισμός Wikipedia, 27 of 32 languages

      Γιόζεφ Άλμπερς

      Principal works · The hundred celebrated works

      96of 99

      Κουρτ Σβίττερς

      Born in Χάνοβη Wikipedia, 25 of 32 languages

      Κουρτ Σβίττερς

      The devastation of World War I profoundly impacted his artistic direction. “In the war, things were in terrible turmoil…everything had broken down and new things had to be made out of the fragments; and this is Merz.”. While associated with Dadaism, Schwitters maintained a distinct artistic identity.

      Principal works · The hundred celebrated works

      Plates

      Celebrated Modern paintings

      1. Οι Νέες της Αβινιόν by Πάμπλο Πικάσο

        Οι Νέες της Αβινιόν

        Πάμπλο Πικάσο

        1907 · MoMA - Museum of Modern Art, Νέα Υόρκη

      2. Campbell's Soup Cans by Άντι Γουόρχολ

        Campbell's Soup Cans

        Άντι Γουόρχολ

        1962 · MoMA - Museum of Modern Art, Νέα Υόρκη

      3. Viva la Vida by Φρίντα Κάλο

        Viva la Vida

        Φρίντα Κάλο

        1954 · Μουσείο Φρίδα Κάλο, Mexico City

      4. Χριστός του Αγίου Ιωάννη του Κρωσού by Σαλβαδόρ Νταλί

        Χριστός του Αγίου Ιωάννη του Κρωσού

        Σαλβαδόρ Νταλί

      5. Broadway Boogie Woogie by Πητ Μοντριάν

        Broadway Boogie Woogie

        Πητ Μοντριάν

        1943 · MoMA - Museum of Modern Art, Νέα Υόρκη

      6. The Farmer's Wife by Ζουάν Μιρό

        The Farmer's Wife

        Ζουάν Μιρό

        1923

      7. Λευκή Σταύρωση by Μαρκ Σαγκάλ

        Λευκή Σταύρωση

        Μαρκ Σαγκάλ

        1938 · Art Institute of Chicago, Σικάγκο

      8. Fountain by Μαρσέλ Ντυσάν

        Fountain

        Μαρσέλ Ντυσάν

      Chronology

      A Modern chronology in paintings

      1. 1907
      2. 1911
      3. 1912
      4. 1913
      5. 1914
      6. 1917
      7. 1920
      8. 1923
      9. 1931
      10. 1937
      11. 1940
      12. 1944
      13. 1952
      14. 1958

      Notes and figures

      The catalogue in figures

      Index of artists

      List of the 99 Modern painters

      1. 1Πάμπλο ΠικάσοΠάμπλο ΠικάσοΙσπανός · 1881–1973
      2. 2Άντι ΓουόρχολΆντι Γουόρχολ1928–1987
      3. 3Φρίντα ΚάλοΦρίντα ΚάλοΜεξικανή · 1907–1954
      4. 4Σαλβαδόρ ΝταλίΣαλβαδόρ ΝταλίΙσπανός · 1904–1989
      5. 5Πητ ΜοντριάνΠητ Μοντριάν1872–1944
      6. 6Ζουάν ΜιρόΖουάν ΜιρόΙσπανός · 1893–1983
      7. 7Μαρκ ΣαγκάλΜαρκ ΣαγκάλΡωσο-Γαλλική · 1887–1985
      8. 8Μαρσέλ ΝτυσάνΜαρσέλ ΝτυσάνΓαλλικός-Αμερικανός · 1887–1968
      9. 9Πάουλ ΚλέεΠάουλ ΚλέεGerman and Swiss · 1879–1940
      10. 10Τζάκσον ΠόλοκΤζάκσον ΠόλοκAmerican · 1912–1956
      11. 11Καζιμίρ ΜαλέβιτςΚαζιμίρ ΜαλέβιτςΡωσικός/Ουκρανικός · 1879–1935
      12. 12Αμεντέο ΜοντιλιάνιΑμεντέο ΜοντιλιάνιΙταλός · 1884–1920
      13. 13Ζωρζ ΜπρακΖωρζ ΜπρακΓάλλος · 1882–1963
      14. 14Ρενέ ΜαγκρίτΡενέ ΜαγκρίτΒέλγος · 1898–1967
      15. 15Ντέιβιντ ΧόκνεϊΝτέιβιντ ΧόκνεϊΒρετανός · 1937–2026
      16. 16Έγκον ΣίλεΈγκον ΣίλεΑυστριακός · 1890–1918
      17. 17Μαξ ΕρνστΜαξ ΕρνστΓερμανός · 1891–1976
      18. 18Φράνσις ΜπέικονΦράνσις ΜπέικονΙρλανδός · 1909–1992
      19. 19Γκέρχαρντ ΡίχτερΓκέρχαρντ ΡίχτερΓερμανός · born 1932
      20. 20Βίλεμ ντε ΚούνινγκΒίλεμ ντε ΚούνινγκΟλλανδός-Αμερικανός · 1904–1997
      21. 21Τζάσπερ ΤζονςΤζάσπερ ΤζονςAmerican · born 1930
      22. 22Ρόι ΛίχτενσταϊνΡόι ΛίχτενσταϊνAmerican · 1923–1997
      23. 23Τζώρτζια Ο'ΚήφιΤζώρτζια Ο'ΚήφιΑμερικανική · 1887–1986
      24. 24Μάρκος ΡόθκοΜάρκος ΡόθκοΑμερικανός · 1903–1970
      25. 25Έντουαρδός ΧόπερΈντουαρδός ΧόπερAmerican · 1882–1967
      26. 26Φραντς ΜαρκΦραντς ΜαρκΓερμανός · 1880–1916
      27. 27Ντιέγκο ΡιβέραΝτιέγκο ΡιβέραΜεξικανός · 1886–1957
      28. 28Φερνάν ΛεζέΦερνάν ΛεζέΓάλλος · 1881–1955
      29. 29Τζόρτζιο ντε ΚίρικοΤζόρτζιο ντε ΚίρικοΙταλός · 1888–1978
      30. 30Ουμπέρτο ΜποτσιόνιΟυμπέρτο ΜποτσιόνιΙταλός · 1882–1916
      31. 31Όσκαρ ΚοκόσκαΌσκαρ ΚοκόσκαΑυστριακός, Τσεχικός, Βρετανικός · 1886–1980
      32. 32Γιαγιόι ΚουσάμαΓιαγιόι ΚουσάμαJapanese · 1929–2026
      33. 33Ερνστ Λούντβιχ ΚίρχνερΕρνστ Λούντβιχ ΚίρχνερΓερμανός · 1880–1938
      34. 34Χουάν ΓκρίςΧουάν ΓκρίςSpanish · 1887–1927
      35. 35Άρσιλε ΓκόρκυΆρσιλε ΓκόρκυΑρμένιος-Αμερικανός · 1904–1948
      36. 36Ζαν ΝτουμπεφέΖαν ΝτουμπεφέFrench · 1901–1985
      37. 37Άντρέ ΝτεράινΆντρέ ΝτεράινΓάλλος · 1880–1954
      38. 38Ρομπέρ ΝτελωναίΡομπέρ ΝτελωναίΓάλλος · 1885–1941
      39. 39Φερναντό ΜπότεροΦερναντό ΜπότεροΚολομβιανή · 1932–2023
      40. 40Ότο ΝτιξΌτο ΝτιξGerman · 1891–1969
      41. 41Ταμάρα ντε ΛέμπικαΤαμάρα ντε ΛέμπικαΠολωνή · 1898–1980
      42. 42Μωρίς ντε ΒλαμένκΜωρίς ντε ΒλαμένκΓάλλος · 1876–1958
      43. 43Χαΐμ ΣουτίνΧαΐμ ΣουτίνΓάλλος · 1893–1943
      44. 44Μαξ ΜπέκμανΜαξ ΜπέκμανΓερμανός · 1884–1950
      45. 45Νόρμαν ΡόκγουελΝόρμαν ΡόκγουελΑμερικανός · 1894–1978
      46. 46Ραούλ ΝτουφύΡαούλ ΝτουφύΓάλλος · 1877–1953
      47. 47Βικτώρ ΒαζαρελίΒικτώρ ΒαζαρελίΟυγγρο-Γαλλική · 1906–1997
      48. 48Φριντενσράιχ ΧουντερτβάσερΦριντενσράιχ ΧουντερτβάσερΑυστριακός · 1928–2000
      49. 49Άνσελμ ΚίφερΆνσελμ ΚίφερΓερμανός · born 1945
      50. 50Νίκη ντε Σαιν ΦαλΝίκη ντε Σαιν ΦαλΓαλλική και Αμερικανική · 1930–2002
      51. 51Χανς Ρούντι ΓκίγκερΧανς Ρούντι Γκίγκερ1940–2014
      52. 52Λουίζ ΜπουρζουάΛουίζ ΜπουρζουάΓάλλου-Αμερικανή · 1911–2010
      53. 53Ζντζίσουαφ ΜπεκσίνσκιΖντζίσουαφ ΜπεκσίνσκιΠολωνός · 1929–2005
      54. 54Λούσιαν ΦρόιντΛούσιαν ΦρόιντΒρετανός · 1922–2011
      55. 55Χένρυ ΜουρΧένρυ ΜουρΒρετανός · 1898–1986
      56. 56Μαν ΡέιΜαν ΡέιΑμερικανός · 1890–1976
      57. 57Ρόμπερτ ΡάουσενμπεργκΡόμπερτ Ράουσενμπεργκ1925–2008
      58. 58ΜπαλτύςΜπαλτύςΓάλλος-Πολωνός · 1908–2001
      59. 59Άλμπερτο ΤζιακομέττιΆλμπερτο ΤζιακομέττιΕλβετία · 1901–1966
      60. 60Γιόζεφ ΜπόιςΓιόζεφ ΜπόιςΓερμανός · 1921–1986
      61. 61Τζορτζ ΓκροςΤζορτζ ΓκροςΓερμανός · 1893–1959
      62. 62Χανς ΑρπΧανς ΑρπΓερμανός · 1886–1966
      63. 63Φράνσις ΠικαμπιάΦράνσις ΠικαμπιάΓάλλος · 1879–1953
      64. 64Κλάες ΌλντενμπουργκΚλάες Όλντενμπουργκ1929–2022
      65. 65Remedios VaroRemedios VaroSpanish-Mexican · 1908–1963
      66. 66Τέο φαν ΝτέσμπουργκΤέο φαν ΝτέσμπουργκΟλλανδός · 1883–1931
      67. 67Άντριου ΓουάιεθΆντριου Γουάιεθ1917–2009
      68. 68Βλαντιμίρ ΤάτλινΒλαντιμίρ ΤάτλινΟυκρανός/Ρώσος · 1885–1953
      69. 69Γιώργος ΡουάουλτΓιώργος ΡουάουλτΓάλλος · 1871–1958
      70. 70Λάσλο Μόχολι-ΝάγκιΛάσλο Μόχολι-ΝάγκιΟυγγρικός · 1895–1946
      71. 71Όμπρεϊ ΜπίρτνσλυΌμπρεϊ ΜπίρτνσλυΒρετανός · 1872–1898
      72. 72Αλεξάντερ ΚάλντερΑλεξάντερ ΚάλντερΣκωτσέζος-Αμερικανός · 1898–1976
      73. 73Μωρίς ΝτενίΜωρίς ΝτενίΓάλλος · 1870–1943
      74. 74Φρανκ ΣτέλλαΦρανκ ΣτέλλαΑμερικανός · 1936–2024
      75. 75Λεονόρα ΚάρρινγκτονΛεονόρα ΚάρρινγκτονΒρετανο-Μεξικανή · 1917–2011
      76. 76Μαρία ΠριματσένκοΜαρία ΠριματσένκοΟυακινίδα · 1908–1997
      77. 77Νταβίντ Αλφάρο ΣικέιροςΝταβίντ Αλφάρο ΣικέιροςΜεξικανοίς · 1896–1974
      78. 78Σόνια ΝτελωναίΣόνια Ντελωναί1885–1979
      79. 79Ζίγκμαρ ΠόλκεΖίγκμαρ ΠόλκεΓερμανός · 1941–2010
      80. 80Τζάκομο ΜπάλαΤζάκομο Μπάλα1871–1958
      81. 81Ρίτσαρντ ΧάμιλτονΡίτσαρντ Χάμιλτον1922–2011
      82. 82Ηλέν FranklinΗλέν FranklinΑμερικανίδα · 1928–2011
      83. 83Νατάλια ΓκοντσαρόβαΝατάλια Γκοντσαρόβα1881–1962
      84. 84Υβ ΤανγκύΥβ ΤανγκύΓαλλο-Αμερικανός · 1900–1955
      85. 85Ντοροθέα ΤάννινγκΝτοροθέα ΤάννινγκΑμερικανίδα · 1910–2012
      86. 86Κύρος ΤβόμπλιΚύρος ΤβόμπλιΑμερικανός · 1928–2011
      87. 87Λάιονελ ΦάινινγκερΛάιονελ ΦάινινγκερΓερμανός-Αμερικανός · 1871–1956
      88. 88Amrita Sher-GilAmrita Sher-GilΟυγγρο-Ινдійη · 1913–1941
      89. 89Κάρελ ΆπελΚάρελ ΆπελΟλλανδός · 1921–2006
      90. 90Barnett NewmanBarnett NewmanΑμερικανός · 1905–1970
      91. 91Αλεξάντρ ΡονττσένκοΑλεξάντρ Ρονττσένκο1891–1956
      92. 92Πάουλα ΡέγκοΠάουλα ΡέγκοΠορτογάλου · 1935–2022
      93. 93Γιόζεφ ΆλμπερςΓιόζεφ ΆλμπερςΓερμανός-Αμερικανός · 1888–1976
      94. 94Φράντισεκ ΚούπκαΦράντισεκ ΚούπκαΤσέχος · 1871–1957
      95. 95Παולה Μόντερσον-ΜπέκερΠαולה Μόντερσον-Μπέκερ1876–1907
      96. 96Κουρτ ΣβίττερςΚουρτ Σβίττερς1887–1948
      97. 97Χοσέ Κλεμέντε ΟρόσκοΧοσέ Κλεμέντε ΟρόσκοΜεξικανός · 1883–1949
      98. 98Κάρλο ΚαράΚάρλο ΚαράΙταλός · 1881–1966
      99. 99Μαρία Ελένη Βιέιρα Ντα ΣίλβαΜαρία Ελένη Βιέιρα Ντα ΣίλβαΠορτογαλίδα-Γαλλίδα · 1908–1992

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