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Student Artwork Guide

Mantel clock

Name Class Date

Augustin Pajou, Mantel clock (1785), Metropolitan Museum of Art. Public domain. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
Augustin Pajou topimpressionists.com/en/artists/augustin-pajou/
Artist’s dates
1766 – 1828
Painted
1785
Held at
Metropolitan Museum of Art topimpressionists.com/en/museums/metropolitan-museum-of-art-new-york/
Artistic style
Neoclassical
Influences
Classical art
Notable elements
Figures, classical theme
Subject or theme
Timekeeping device

In context

Mantel clock — Augustin Pajou

When was this painted?

  1. 1760
  2. 1770
  3. 1780
  4. 1790
  5. 1800
  6. 1810
  7. 1820

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 62 at death.

Painted when the artist was 19. The artist lived to 62. 1 of the 3 dated works by this artist in our catalogue came earlier.

Shaded: the lifetime of Augustin Pajou (1766–1828) ▲ this work, 1785 every dated painting, decade by decade

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: topimpressionists.com/en/art/similar/augustin-pajou-mantel-clock-8Y3EHD-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Black #0a090c

    Catalogued palette

    • #0A090C
    • #60402C
    • #EFE3C6
    • #B58A58

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Palette
    Earthy The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    Black
    Intensity
    Monochromatic How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Statement How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Strong Color Unity How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Deep_shadow How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Muted How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by Augustin Pajou over the last twelve months — 2 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 France 80.0%
    2. 2 United States of America 20.0%

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 2 most looked-at works by Augustin Pajou

    1. 1 Bust of Madame du Barry, 1773 100.0%
    2. — Mantel clock, 1785 this painting 0.0%

    Together these works take 100.0% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 5 works by this artist, of which 1 were looked at at least once. This painting has not been looked at yet in that time — it closes the list without a rank. The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    About this artwork

    Mantel clock — Augustin Pajou

    A Masterpiece of Neoclassical Grace: The Augustin Pajou Mantel Clock

    The image before you presents more than just a timepiece; it's a meticulously crafted window into the opulent world of late 18th-century France. Augustin Pajou’s mantel clock, dating back to 1785, is a testament to the Neoclassical style’s enduring appeal – a harmonious blend of classical ideals and refined craftsmanship. The scene unfolds against a dark backdrop, deliberately chosen to accentuate the clock's golden hues and intricate detailing, drawing the viewer into its captivating embrace. It’s a piece that whispers tales of aristocratic salons, philosophical discussions, and the pursuit of beauty and knowledge.

    The Figures: At the heart of the design are two arresting figures, rendered with Pajou's signature grace and precision. The angelic figure, wings outstretched, holds a scroll or document – a potent symbol of wisdom, scholarship, and divine inspiration. Beside him sits a seated figure, radiating an aura of contemplative serenity; this enigmatic presence likely represents the pursuit of knowledge, perhaps even philosophical reflection. Their postures are deliberately classical, echoing the idealized forms favored by Neoclassical artists.

    The Base: The clock’s base is a veritable cornucopia of mythological and human figures. Griffins, lions, and other fantastical creatures intertwine with elegantly posed human figures – a deliberate invocation of ancient Greek and Roman mythology, reflecting the era's fascination with classical antiquity. These sculpted elements aren’t merely decorative; they contribute to a narrative of timeless wisdom and artistic achievement.

    Bronze and Gold: The clock is predominantly crafted from gilt bronze, a material prized for its luster and malleability. Pajou masterfully employed this metal to create a surface that shimmers with an almost ethereal glow, highlighting the intricate details of each sculpture. The use of gold further elevates the piece, imbuing it with a sense of luxury and prestige.

    A Sculptor’s Legacy: Augustin Pajou and the Rise of Neoclassicism

    Augustin Pajou (1766-1828) stands as a pivotal figure in the artistic landscape of late eighteenth-century France, embodying the ideals of Neoclassicism. Born into a family steeped in artistic tradition – his father, Jean-Baptiste Pajou, was himself a renowned sculptor – Augustin inherited not only technical skill but also a deep appreciation for classical forms and principles. His early training under Lemoyne solidified his understanding of these foundational elements, shaping his distinctive sculptural style characterized by refined grace, meticulous detail, and an unwavering commitment to capturing idealized beauty.

    Pajou’s rise to prominence was cemented by his victory in the prestigious Prix de Rome competition in 1784. This coveted award provided him with invaluable experience and access to the artistic circles of Rome, where he honed his skills and developed a distinctive style. His success reflected not only his talent but also the broader cultural shift towards Neoclassicism – an aesthetic movement that sought to revive the ideals of ancient Greece and Rome, rejecting the excesses of the Rococo period.

    Technique and Materials: A Symphony of Craftsmanship

    The creation of this mantel clock represents a pinnacle of 18th-century craftsmanship. Pajou’s skill is evident in every detail – from the delicate modeling of the figures to the precise application of gold leaf. The bronze itself was meticulously cast, then painstakingly gilded by skilled artisans using the “dorure au mercure” technique—a process that involved applying molten gold over a layer of mercury, creating an exceptionally smooth and lustrous finish. This method, while beautiful, unfortunately exposed the gilders to significant health risks due to mercury poisoning.

    Bronze Casting: The clock’s body is cast in bronze, a material chosen for its durability, malleability, and ability to take intricate detail.

    Gilding: The gold leaf application was executed with unparalleled precision, creating a surface that shimmers with an almost otherworldly radiance.

    Sculptural Detailing: The figures are sculpted in exquisite detail, capturing the essence of classical forms and conveying a sense of movement and emotion.

    A Timeless Symbol: The Clock as Embodiment of Enlightenment Values

    More than just a functional timepiece, Augustin Pajou’s mantel clock embodies the values of the Enlightenment – reason, knowledge, beauty, and harmony. The figures depicted represent key intellectual pursuits: wisdom, scholarship, and contemplation. The clock itself serves as a symbol of order, precision, and the pursuit of perfection—qualities highly valued during this era of scientific and philosophical advancement. It’s a piece that invites reflection on the enduring legacy of classical ideals and their continued relevance in our own time. Its presence evokes a sense of quiet elegance and intellectual curiosity, making it a truly exceptional work of art.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Augustin Pajou

    Born in Paris, France

    Augustin Pajou: The Sculptor of Elegant Grace

    Augustin Pajou (1766 – 1809) stands as a pivotal figure in the artistic landscape of late eighteenth-century France, embodying the ideals of Neoclassicism and securing his place amongst the most celebrated sculptors of his era. Born in Paris to Jean-Baptiste Pajou, a renowned sculptor himself, Augustin inherited a legacy of artistic excellence and swiftly established himself as a prodigious talent destined for greatness. His formative years were marked by rigorous training under Lemoyne, cementing his understanding of classical principles and shaping his distinctive sculptural style—characterized by refined grace, meticulous detail, and an unwavering commitment to capturing idealized beauty.

    Early Career & Prix de Rome: Pajou’s ambition propelled him toward the prestigious Prix de Rome in 1784, a competition that recognized exceptional artistic merit. Despite multiple unsuccessful attempts, he persevered, demonstrating remarkable determination and honing his craft through tireless experimentation.

    Notable Commissions & Patronage: His breakthrough came with commissions from influential patrons like Madame du Barry and Louis XVI, securing him positions at Versailles and propelling him to international acclaim. These projects showcased Pajou’s ability to translate aristocratic tastes into breathtaking sculptural masterpieces.

    Sculptural Style & Technique

    Pajou's artistic vision was firmly rooted in the principles of Neoclassicism, a movement that championed rationalism and sought inspiration from ancient Greece and Rome. He meticulously studied classical sculptures, absorbing their anatomical accuracy and expressive dynamism. His technique involved painstaking carving—often utilizing marble—employing tools with precision to achieve unparalleled realism and conveying emotion through subtle gestures and facial expressions. The sculptor’s mastery of material was evident in his ability to imbue stone with life-like qualities, capturing the essence of human form with remarkable sensitivity.

    Emphasis on Anatomy & Proportion: Pajou adhered strictly to classical anatomical standards, ensuring that every sculpture reflected a profound understanding of human musculature and skeletal structure.

    Material Choice & Surface Treatment: He favored marble—particularly alabaster—renowned for its translucency and ability to capture delicate textures—a hallmark of his distinctive aesthetic.

    Major Achievements & Legacy

    Augustin Pajou’s artistic output spanned a remarkable breadth of projects, cementing his reputation as one of the foremost sculptors of his time. Among his most celebrated works are monumental sculptures like “Neptune Calming the Waves,” commissioned for Lyon’s Musée des Beaux-Arts, and busts of luminaries such as Voltaire, Rousseau, and Madame du Barry—each embodying exceptional artistic skill and capturing the spirit of Enlightenment thought. Furthermore, he played a crucial role in decorating Versailles' opera house, collaborating with Jean-Baptiste Raspail to create opulent interiors that reflected royal grandeur. His contribution to the monumental sculpture "The Princesse de Hesse-Homburg as Minerva" remains an enduring testament to his artistic prowess and stylistic innovation.

    Versailles Opera House Decoration: Pajou’s involvement in Versailles' opera house project solidified his position as a leading artist of the era, demonstrating his ability to elevate architectural spaces through sculptural embellishments.

    Influence on Subsequent Artists: Pajou’s stylistic influence extended beyond his own lifetime, inspiring generations of sculptors who embraced Neoclassical ideals and sought to emulate his meticulous craftsmanship and expressive artistry.

    Recognition & Collections

    Today, Augustin Pajou's sculptures reside in prestigious collections worldwide—including the Louvre Museum, Musée des Beaux-Arts Lyon, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York), Tate Britain, and numerous other institutions across Europe and America. His enduring legacy testifies to his unparalleled artistic achievement and ensures that his masterpieces continue to captivate audiences with their elegance, grace, and profound understanding of classical art principles. He is remembered as a sculptor who elevated Neoclassicism to new heights, securing his place among the giants of French sculpture history.

    Museum

    Metropolitan Museum of Art

    On show in new york, United States of America

    A Legacy in Stone and Light

    The Fifth Avenue facade of the Metropolitan Museum of Art beckons visitors into a realm where ancient civilizations resonate alongside modern innovations. The primary building, a magnificent embodiment of Beaux-Arts style completed between 1902 and 1914, exudes an air of classical grandeur. Colossal columns frame the entrance, inviting people into soaring galleries bathed in natural light. This monumental structure was deliberately designed as a homage to European palaces, creating a space that feels both imposing and welcoming. Beyond the main site, The Cloisters offers an intimate serenity in Fort Tryon Park, transporting visitors to medieval Europe through reconstructed chapende and gardens.

    The architecture tells a story of expansion and change. While the current Fifth Avenue location is synonymous with the institution, the museum briefly resided in the Douglas Mansion estate on West 14th Street. The original structure, designed by Calvert Vaux and Jacob Wrey Mould, featured a red-brick facade that remains partially visible today within the Robert Lehman Wing. This glimpse of the past provides a connection to an era when the surrounding area was far from the gilded mansions of the Upper East Side.

    Treasures Across Five Millennia

    Within these halls, one feels the weight of centuries. The collection spans 5,000 years of human creativity, housing over two million art objects. Visitors encounter the imposing Assyrian reliefs, depicting scenes of royal power and divine ritual carved into stone. Greek sculptures embody idealized form and proportion, including the Parthenon Marbles. The museum also holds significant works from diverse cultures:

    Chinese ceramics and intricate Japanese screens.

    African, Oceanic, and American art collections.

    The Cesnola Collection, comprising approximately 35,000 Cypriot art objects.

    A blue-glazed lotus-decorated hippopotamus statuette from Egypt, ca. 1961–1878 B.C.

    The transition from realism to modernism is visible in works like Édouard Manet’s

    Boating

    , which captures leisure on the Seine through its use of light and color. The psychological depth of Rembrandt's 1660 self-portrait offers a study in chiaroscuro, using dramatic shadow to reveal introspection. In the modern galleries, the scale of Jackson Pollock’s

    Autumn Rhythm (Number 30)

    commands attention, with its eight-foot-tall canvas and seventeen-foot length displaying a web of drips.

    Modernity and the Living City

    The museum continues to engage with the present through contemporary artists and large-scale events. Pablo Picasso’s portrait of

    Gertrude Stein

    prefigures his evolution into Cubism, capturing the essence of the American expat community in Paris. Vincent Van Gogh’s

    Self-Portrait with a Straw Hat

    remains a focal point, where intense eyes are encircled by controlled brushstrokes. The institution also recognizes contemporary figures such as Wangechi Mutu, whose humanoid sculptures occupy niches on the museum's facade.

    Beyond the permanent galleries, the museum serves as a center for social and cultural gatherings. The annual Met Gala, held on the first Monday in May, brings fashion designers and celebrities to Manhattan for an evening of glamour. On other nights, programs like

    Date Night at the Met

    occur every Friday and Saturday, ensuring the halls remain a vital part of New York life. Through conservation laboratories and digital initiatives, the museum safeguards its vast holdings for future generations.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for Mantel clock

    topimpressionists.com/en/art/download/augustin-pajou-mantel-clock-8Y3EHD-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Pajou, Augustin. Mantel clock. 1785, Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/augustin-pajou-mantel-clock-8Y3EHD-en/
    APA
    Pajou, Augustin (1785). Mantel clock [Painting]. Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/augustin-pajou-mantel-clock-8Y3EHD-en/
    Chicago
    Augustin Pajou. Mantel clock. 1785. Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/augustin-pajou-mantel-clock-8Y3EHD-en/
    Harvard
    Pajou, Augustin (1785) Mantel clock. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Available at: https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/augustin-pajou-mantel-clock-8Y3EHD-en/

    Look closely

    Mantel clock — Augustin Pajou

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Our catalogue files this work under: clockwork, bronze sculpture, mythology. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    4. Look back at Bust of Madame du Barry (1773), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    5. Augustin Pajou was about 19 when this was made. What in it looks like the work of an artist at that stage?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Art quiz

    Mantel clock — Augustin Pajou

    How well do you know this artwork?

    Tick one answer for each of the 5 questions below. Each has exactly one correct answer.

    1. 1. What is the primary subject depicted in the image of the mantel clock?

      • A A detailed portrait of a historical figure.
      • B An elaborate depiction of mythological creatures and figures.
      • C A simple, functional representation of timekeeping.
    2. 2. The image showcases a clock from which historical period?

      • A The Renaissance
      • B The Baroque Era
      • C The Late 18th and Early 19th Centuries
    3. 3. What material is prominently used in the construction of the clock's base?

      • A Wood
      • B Bronze
      • C Marble
    4. 4. The artist Augustin Pajou was known for his work in which artistic style?

      • A Romanticism
      • B Neoclassicism
      • C Impressionism
    5. 5. The clock's design incorporates elements inspired by what ancient civilization?

      • A Ancient Egypt
      • B Ancient Greece and Rome
      • C Ancient China

    My score: ____ out of 5

    Answer key — for the teacher

    This starts a fresh printed page, so it can simply be left out of the copies.

    1B · 2C · 3C · 4B · 5B

    Check any answer against the catalogue record for this painting

    Questions & Answers

    What does the 1785 date of "Mantel clock" correspond to in Augustin Pajou's career?

    "Mantel clock", created in 1785, belongs to the Late Period of Augustin Pajou's career.

    In which year and which movement was "Mantel clock" made?

    "Mantel clock" by Augustin Pajou is dated 1785 and belongs to Neoclassical Sculpture.

    Where does "Mantel clock" sit within Augustin Pajou's body of work?

    Within Augustin Pajou's output, "Mantel clock" sits in the Neoclassical Sculpture style, alongside the themes of neoclassical ideals, roman influence, religious allegory, moral lessons, royal patronage, courtly themes, sculptural mastery, detailed work.