Paper

Student Artwork Guide

Apollo

Name Class Date

Hendrik Goltzius, Apollo (1588). Public domain. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
Hendrik Goltzius topimpressionists.com/en/artists/hendrik-goltzius/
Artist’s dates
1558 – 1617
Painted
1588
Original size
26 x 35 cm
Movement
Renaissance The brief peak when balance, depth and anatomy came together — Leonardo, Raphael, Michelangelo.

In context

Apollo — Hendrik Goltzius

How big is it?

The original measures 26 × 35 cm (height × width), drawn here beside an adult of average height.

When was this painted?

  1. 1550
  2. 1560
  3. 1570
  4. 1580
  5. 1590
  6. 1600
  7. 1610

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 59 at death.

Painted when the artist was 30. The artist lived to 59. 4 of the 85 dated works by this artist in our catalogue came earlier.

Shaded: the lifetime of Hendrik Goltzius (1558–1617) ▲ this work, 1588 every dated painting, decade by decade

First works: up to 1590 Main working years: 1590–1611 Late works: from 1611

Those three bands split the works this catalogue has a date for into a first quarter, a middle half and a last quarter. They are not the artist’s complete output: a thin stretch may be a gap in the record rather than a quiet spell. The same years with the artist’s life laid along them

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: topimpressionists.com/en/art/similar/hendrik-goltzius-apollo-D39KQG-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Gray #706661

    Catalogued palette

    • #706661
    • #F5E9D9
    • #D4C7B5
    • #A69B8F

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Palette
    Neutrals The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    Gray
    Intensity
    Balanced How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Balanced How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Unified Palette How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Brilliant How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Muted How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by Hendrik Goltzius over the last twelve months — 8 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 China 62.2%
    2. 2 United States of America 11.1%
    3. 3 Singapore 8.9%
    4. 4 Ukraine 6.7%
    5. 5 Hong Kong 4.4%
    6. 6 Brazil 2.2%
    7. 7 France 2.2%
    8. 8 Italy 2.2%

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 20 most looked-at works by Hendrik Goltzius

    1. 1 Venus between Ceres and Bacchus, 1590 9.8%
    2. 2 Venus and Adonis, 1614 5.9%
    3. 3 Untitled (AQQLE6) 5.9%
    4. 4 Lycaon Transformed into a Wolf, 1589 3.9%
    5. 5 Vénus et l'Amour épiés par un satyre, dit autrefois Jupiter et Antiope Alternative title(s) Jupiter et Antiope, 1616 3.9%
    6. 6 Virgin and Child with Angels, 1607 3.9%
    7. 7 Without Ceres and Bacchus, Venus would Freeze, 1599 3.9%
    8. 8 Portrait of the Sculptor Pierre Francheville, 1591 3.9%
    9. 9 Magdalene and Angel, 1610 3.9%
    10. 10 Adam, 1613 3.9%
    11. 11 Apollo, 1588 3.9%
    12. 12 Judith, 1597 3.9%
    13. 13 Quis evadet., 1594 3.9%
    14. 14 Venus and Mars Surprised by Vulcan, 1585 2.0%
    15. 15 Phaethon from the Four Disgracers series, 1588 2.0%
    16. 16 Jupiter and Antiope, 1612 2.0%
    17. 17 Self-Portrait, c. 1593-1594, 1594 2.0%
    18. 18 Jupiter and Antiope, 1612 2.0%
    19. 19 Jupiter, 1592 2.0%
    20. — Apollo, 1588 this painting 0.0%

    Together these works take 72.6% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 89 works by this artist, of which 33 were looked at at least once. This painting has not been looked at yet in that time — it closes the list without a rank. The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Hendrik Goltzius

    Born in Braunschweig, Italy

    early life and training

    hendrick goltzius, a german-born dutch printmaker, draftsman, and painter, was born in january or february 1558. he was the leading dutch engraver of the early baroque period, or northern mannerism, lauded for his sophisticated technique and "exuberance" of his compositions. according to a. hyatt mayor, goltzius "was the last professional engraver who drew with the authority of a good painter and the last who invented many pictures for others to copy". goltzius's family moved to duisburg when he was 3 years old, and after studying painting on glass under his father, he learned engraving from the dutch polymath dirck volckertszoon coornhert.

    artistic career

    in 1577, goltzius moved with coornhert to haarlem in the dutch republic, where he remained based for the rest of his life. he was also employed by philip galle to engrave a set of prints of the history of lucretia. goltzius had a malformed right hand from a fire when he was a baby, which turned out to be especially well-suited to holding the burin. this unique physical characteristic allowed him to master a commanding swing of line, making his engravings highly distinctive. hendrick goltzius brought to an unprecedented level the use of the "swelling line", where the burin is manipulated to make lines thicker or thinner to create a tonal effect from a distance.

    technique and style

    goltzius was a pioneer of the "dot and lozenge" technique, where dots are placed in the middle of lozenge-shaped spaces created by cross-hatching to further refine tonal shading. his command of the burin is said to rival dürer, and he made engravings of bartholomeus spranger's paintings, thus increasing the fame of the latter – and his own. goltzius began painting at the age of forty-two; some of his paintings can be found in vienna. he also executed a few chiaroscuro woodcuts.

    public collections and legacy

    most major print rooms will have a group of goltzius's many engravings, including the museum boijmans van beuningen, rijksmuseum amsterdam, and the metropolitan museum of art. his legacy can be seen in the works of other artists, such as jacques bellange, who was also a master of northern mannerist printmaking. goltzius's engravings and paintings continue to inspire art lovers and scholars alike, and his work can be found on AllPaintingsStore.com and in the wikipedia article dedicated to his life and work.

    some of goltzius's notable works include: jupiter, minerva, and the prophet baruch

    museums with his work: los angeles county museum of art, philadelphia museum of art, and british museum

    techniques used by goltzius: "swelling line" and "dot and lozenge" technique

    goltzius's contributions to the world of art are immeasurable, and his work continues to be celebrated and studied by art enthusiasts around the world. his unique style and mastery of engraving and painting have left a lasting legacy in the art world.

    Where to read more

    • The artist Hendrik Goltzius topimpressionists.com/en/artists/hendrik-goltzius/
    • Similar works More works to compare topimpressionists.com/en/art/similar/hendrik-goltzius-apollo-D39KQG-en/

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for Apollo

    topimpressionists.com/en/art/download/hendrik-goltzius-apollo-D39KQG-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Goltzius, Hendrik. Apollo. 1588, https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/hendrik-goltzius-apollo-D39KQG-en/
    APA
    Goltzius, Hendrik (1588). Apollo [Painting]. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/hendrik-goltzius-apollo-D39KQG-en/
    Chicago
    Hendrik Goltzius. Apollo. 1588. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/hendrik-goltzius-apollo-D39KQG-en/
    Harvard
    Goltzius, Hendrik (1588) Apollo. Available at: https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/hendrik-goltzius-apollo-D39KQG-en/

    Look closely

    Apollo — Hendrik Goltzius

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Look back at Venus and Adonis (1614), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    4. Renaissance: The brief peak when balance, depth and anatomy came together — Leonardo, Raphael, Michelangelo. Where can you see that in this work?
    5. Hendrik Goltzius was about 30 when this was made. What in it looks like the work of an artist at that stage?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Questions & Answers

    Is there a slideshow for "Apollo" by Hendrik Goltzius?

    The diaporama of "Apollo" can be watched on the artwork's Diaporama page.

    How old was Hendrik Goltzius when creating "Apollo" in 1588?

    When "Apollo" was created in 1588, Hendrik Goltzius - born in 1558 - was 30 years old.

    What is the format of "Apollo"?

    The format of "Apollo" is portrait. This is useful when planning where a reproduction will be placed.