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Student Artwork Guide

Bathory at Pskov

Jan Matejko, 1872

Name Class Date
Jan Matejko, Bathory at Pskov (1872), Nicolaus Copernicus Museum. Public domain. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
Jan Matejko topimpressionists.com/en/artists/jan-matejko/
Artist’s dates
1838 – 1893
Painted
1872
Medium
Oil On Canvas
Original size
322 x 512 cm
Movement
Romanticism Art that puts feeling, wildness and the power of nature above calm order and rules.
Period
19th Century
Held at
Nicolaus Copernicus Museum topimpressionists.com/en/museums/nicolaus-copernicus-museum-frombork/
Influences
Polish history and national identity, Diplomatic and political significance
Notable_elements
Depiction of Stephen Báthory and Ivan the Terrible's peace negotiations, Presence of papal legate Antonio Possevino, Allegorical representation of historical events
Style
Realistic and detailed
Subject
Historical event during the Livonian campaign

Copyright This work is in the public domain. Jan Matejko died in 1893; copyright lasts 70 years after the artist’s death, so it ended in 1963.

Source: TopImpressionists.com — accessed Sept. 25, 2026

Bathory at Pskov — Jan Matejko Part 1 · The artwork

In context

Bathory at Pskov — Jan Matejko

How big is it?

The original measures 322 × 512 cm (height × width), drawn here beside an adult of average height. It is too large to draw to scale on this page.

When was this painted?

  1. 1830
  2. 1840
  3. 1850
  4. 1860
  5. 1870
  6. 1880
  7. 1890

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 55 at death.

Painted when the artist was 34. The artist lived to 55. 9 of the 31 dated works by this artist in our catalogue came earlier.

Shaded: the lifetime of Jan Matejko (1838–1893) ▲ this work, 1872 every dated painting, decade by decade

First works: up to 1867 Main working years: 1867–1888 Late works: from 1888

Those three bands split the works this catalogue has a date for into a first quarter, a middle half and a last quarter. They are not the artist’s complete output: a thin stretch may be a gap in the record rather than a quiet spell. The same years with the artist’s life laid along them

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: topimpressionists.com/en/art/similar/jan-matejko-bathory-at-pskov-8XYB3L-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Driftwood #a3886a

    Catalogued palette

    • #A3886A
    • #B0C3CC
    • #6A4431
    • #241714

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Palette
    Earthy The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    Driftwood
    Intensity
    Balanced How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Statement How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Softly Mixed Palette How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Balanced How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Balanced Soft How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by Jan Matejko over the last twelve months — 24 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 China 43.5%
    2. 2 Czechia 23.4%
    3. 3 France 3.2%
    4. 4 Slovakia 3.2%
    5. 5 United States of America 3.2%
    6. 6 Hong Kong 2.4%
    7. 7 Singapore 2.4%
    8. 8 Belarus 1.6%
    9. 9 Germany 1.6%
    10. 10 Luxembourg 1.6%
    11. · 14 other countries 13.9%

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 20 most looked-at works by Jan Matejko

    1. 1 Stańczyk, 1862 32.7%
    2. 2 Battle of Grunwald (detail) (10), 1878 11.6%
    3. 3 Bathory at Pskov, 1872 this painting 2.7%
    4. 4 The Battle of Grunwald [Tannenberg] 2.7%
    5. 5 Self-portrait, 1892 2.7%
    6. 6 Empress Rejtan 2.7%
    7. 7 output scholars 2.7%
    8. 8 Copernicus in the tower at Frombork, or Conversations with God, 1872 1.4%
    9. 9 Sobieski sending Message of Victory to the Pope, after the Battle of Vienna 1.4%
    10. 10 The Fall of Poland, 1866 1.4%
    11. 11 The Prussian Homage, 1882 1.4%
    12. 12 Gamrat and Stanczyk, 1878 1.4%
    13. 13 Battle of Grunwald, Jan Zizka(detail) 1.4%
    14. 14 Battle of Grunwald, 1878 1.4%
    15. 15 To Stanczyk 1.4%
    16. 16 Julian Bukowski 1.4%
    17. 17 Battle of Grunwald (detail) 1.4%
    18. 18 Entry Valois 1.4%
    19. 19 Jan Zamoyski 1.4%
    20. 20 Mieszko I of Poland 1.4%

    Together these works take 76.0% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 202 works by this artist, of which 55 were looked at at least once. This painting ranks 3 of them, with 2.7% of that attention. The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    Source: TopImpressionists.com — accessed Sept. 25, 2026

    Bathory at Pskov — Jan Matejko Part 2 · In context

    About this artwork

    Bathory at Pskov — Jan Matejko

    Historical Grandeur Captured in Vibrant Detail

    Jan Matejko's masterpiece "Bathory at Pskov" (1872) is a monumental oil-on-canvas painting that brings to life a pivotal moment during the Livonian campaign. This grand historical work, measuring 322 x 512 cm, depicts the fictionalized scene of Russian envoys kneeling before Polish King Stephen Báthory at Pskov during peace negotiations. The painting is a powerful embodiment of Romantic Nationalism, celebrating Polish heritage and resilience.

    A Dramatic Scene of Diplomatic Tension

    The composition is dynamic and crowded, with a central focus on two prominent figures seated at a table covered with documents and objects. Surrounding them are various groups of people, some standing, others engaged in conversation or observing the scene. The background extends to an outdoor setting with tents, flags, and possibly a battlefield or encampment, adding depth and context to the event.

    Rich Colors and Meticulous Detail

    Matejko's use of color is striking, with a vibrant palette dominated by rich earth tones, deep reds, golds, and blues. The clothing of the figures features intricate patterns and luxurious fabrics, enhancing the opulence and importance of the scene. The sunset hues—blends of pink, orange, purple, and gold—create a dramatic backdrop that heightens the emotional intensity of the moment.

    Symbolism and Historical Context

    The painting is rich with symbolic elements, including the documents on the table, which likely represent agreements or important declarations. The presence of various cultural attire suggests a meeting of different nations or groups. The papal legate, Antonio Possevino, is also depicted, highlighting the role of the Catholic Church in these historical events.

    Technical Mastery and Emotional Impact

    Matejko's technique involves meticulous brushwork and layering to achieve a high level of detail and realism. The interplay between the figures and their surroundings creates a narrative that is both visually engaging and historically evocative. The use of color and light to highlight key elements draws the viewer into the scene, making it feel dynamic and alive.

    Why This Piece Stands Out

    "Bathory at Pskov" is not just a historical painting; it is a testament to Matejko's ability to capture the essence of a moment and convey its emotional weight. The painting's grandeur, detail, and vibrant colors make it a captivating addition to any art collection or interior design project.

    Bring This Masterpiece into Your Space

    Own a piece of history with our hand-painted reproductions of "Bathory at Pskov." Whether you are an art lover, collector, or interior designer, this stunning artwork will add depth, drama, and a touch of historical grandeur to your space. Explore our high-quality reproductions and bring the timeless beauty of Jan Matejko's masterpiece into your home or office.

    Discover More About Jan Matejko

    Jan Matejko (1838–1893) was a leading 19th-century exponent of history painting, known for depicting nodal events from Polish history. His works include large-scale oil paintings such as "Stańczyk," "Rejtan," and "Astronomer Copernicus." Matejko's art played a key role in promoting Polish history and national identity at a time when Poland was partitioned and lacked political autonomy.

    Explore Related Artworks

    If you are interested in "Bathory at Pskov," you may also enjoy other historical paintings by Jan Matejko, such as "Stańczyk" and "Rejtan." These works similarly capture the drama and significance of historical events, making them valuable additions to any art collection.

    Plan Your Visit

    To see the original painting, visit the Royal Castle in Warsaw, Poland. For those unable to travel, our high-quality reproductions offer a way to experience the beauty and historical significance of this masterpiece in your own space.

    Contact Us for More Information

    Have questions about our hand-painted reproductions or need assistance with your order? Contact us today! Our team of art experts is here to help you find the perfect piece to enhance your collection or interior design project.

    Source: TopImpressionists.com — accessed Sept. 25, 2026

    Bathory at Pskov — Jan Matejko Part 3 · About this artwork

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Jan Matejko

    Born in Krakow, Poland

    early life and education

    jan alojzy matejko, a renowned polish painter, was born on june 24, 1838, in kraków, poland. his father, franciszek ksawery matejko, was a czech-born tutor and music teacher. jan's early life was marked by the kraków revolution of 1846 and the 1848 siege of kraków by the austrians, events that would later influence his artistic themes. matejko attended st. ann's high school but dropped out in 1851 due to poor grades. however, he showed exceptional talent for art from an early age. he studied at the school of fine arts in kraków from 1852 to 1858, specializing in historical painting under the tutelage of wojciech korneli stattler and władysław łuszczkiewicz.

    artistic career

    matejko's first major work, tsars shuyski before zygmunt iii, was completed in 1853. he began exhibiting his historical paintings at the kraków society of friends of fine arts in 1855. notable works include:

    rejtan (1866): a large oil on canvas painting depicting a pivotal moment in polish history.

    union of lublin (1869): a significant piece showcasing matejko's skill in capturing historical events.

    battle of grunwald (1878): a masterpiece that highlights his ability to convey the intensity of battle scenes.

    museological contributions and legacy

    matejko spent most of his life in kraków, eventually becoming a director at the jan matejko academy of fine arts, formerly known as the kraków academy of fine arts. his students included prominent painters such as maurycy gottlieb, jacek malczewski, józef mehoffer, and stanisław wyspiański. notable works available on AllPaintingsStore:

    jan matejko: varna (romanticism)

    jan matejko: still life (romanticism)

    jan matejko: the union of lublin (298 x 512 cm, romanticism, oil on canvas)

    view more works by jan matejko on AllPaintingsStore: jan matejko | 203 artworks matejko passed away on november 1, 1893, leaving behind a legacy as poland's most famous painter and the "national painter" of poland. his contributions to historical painting continue to inspire artists and art enthusiasts alike.

    references:

    discovering the masterpieces of muzeum narodowe krakow, poland (wikipedia.org)

    Museum

    Nicolaus Copernicus Museum

    On show in Frombork, Poland

    A Sanctuary of Scientific Revolution: The Soul of Frombork

    Nestled within the historic heart of Frombork, Poland, the Nicolaus Copernicus Museum stands as a powerful testament to one man’s enduring legacy and the seismic shift in understanding he instigated. More than simply a repository of artifacts, this museum is an immersive journey into the Renaissance world—a period brimming with intellectual ferment, artistic blossoming, and groundbreaking scientific inquiry. To walk through its halls is to trace the footsteps of Nicolaus Copernicus himself, to feel the weight of his revolutionary ideas, and to appreciate the profound impact they had on our perception of the cosmos. The museum’s location is intrinsically linked to its subject matter; Frombork, a town steeped in medieval history, provided Copernicus with both sanctuary and inspiration during much of his life.

    The very stones of the museum seem to whisper tales of a time when established dogma was challenged by observation, reason, and an unwavering pursuit of truth. Visitors can explore the cathedral hill complex, including the former Bishop’s Palace—now the museum's main exhibition space—and ascend Copernicus’ Tower, where he conducted many of his pivotal astronomical observations. This tangible connection to the past elevates the experience beyond passive viewing; it invites a profound sense of place and participation in history. The architecture itself serves as a silent protagonist, with the Former Bishops’ Palace exemplifying Gothic grandeur blended with Baroque ornamentation, while Copernicus’ Tower stands as a testament to medieval engineering prowess.

    Celestial Instruments and Renaissance Visions

    At its core lies an impressive array of historical astronomical instruments—meticulously crafted lenses, quadrants, armillary spheres, and celestial globes—offering a fascinating glimpse into the tools and techniques employed by early astronomers. These are not merely relics of a bygone era; they are tangible representations of human ingenuity and the relentless quest to decipher the mysteries of the universe. Alongside these instruments, exhibits detail Copernicus' life, his education, and his career as a canon at Fromsebork Cathedral, revealing him as a deeply engaged scholar operating within a complex social and political landscape.

    The museum’s collection is further enriched by the inclusion of Renaissance art, providing crucial context for understanding the era in which Copernicus lived and worked. Notable among these are reproductions of artworks from the period, most significantly the poignant paintings by Jan Matejko depicting Copernicus in his tower at Frombork. These pieces illuminate the artistic sensibilities of the time—characterized by idealism, meticulous detail, and an emphasis on human emotion—and demonstrate how Copernicus’ scientific breakthroughs resonated within the broader cultural milieu. The juxtaposition of astronomical instruments and Renaissance paintings underscores the museum's ambition to portray Copernicus as a figure whose influence extended far beyond the realm of science.

    An Immersive Encounter with the Cosmos

    What truly distinguishes the Nicolaus Copernicus Museum is its dedication to experiential learning, bridging the gap between historical record and modern wonder. A cornerstone of the museum’s offerings is its planetarium and observatory—facilities that actively celebrate Copernicus’ legacy through light and motion. Visitors can step into immersive projections depicting celestial phenomena, gaining firsthand experience with concepts that revolutionized our understanding of the universe. The observatory allows for guided stargazing sessions, fostering a deeper appreciation for astronomical observation and inspiring curiosity about the infinite expanse above.

    Through interactive exhibits, educational programs for children, and engaging guided tours led by knowledgeable curators, the museum ensures that every visitor leaves with a richer understanding of the Copernican Revolution. It is a place where one can connect with one of humanity’s greatest thinkers and contemplate the ongoing quest to understand our place in the vast expanse of the cosmos—a quest that began centuries ago on Cathedral Hill. For the art lover, the collector, or the designer seeking inspiration from the intersection of science and beauty, this museum offers a rare glimpse into a moment when intellectual courage confronted entrenched dogma and paved the way for the modern world.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for Bathory at Pskov

    topimpressionists.com/en/art/download/jan-matejko-bathory-at-pskov-8XYB3L-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Matejko, Jan. Bathory at Pskov. 1872, Nicolaus Copernicus Museum. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/jan-matejko-bathory-at-pskov-8XYB3L-en/
    APA
    Matejko, Jan (1872). Bathory at Pskov [Painting]. Nicolaus Copernicus Museum. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/jan-matejko-bathory-at-pskov-8XYB3L-en/
    Chicago
    Jan Matejko. Bathory at Pskov. 1872. Nicolaus Copernicus Museum. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/jan-matejko-bathory-at-pskov-8XYB3L-en/
    Harvard
    Matejko, Jan (1872) Bathory at Pskov. Nicolaus Copernicus Museum. Available at: https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/jan-matejko-bathory-at-pskov-8XYB3L-en/

    Source: TopImpressionists.com — accessed Sept. 25, 2026

    Bathory at Pskov — Jan Matejko Part 4 · Artist and museum

    Look closely

    Bathory at Pskov — Jan Matejko

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Our catalogue files this work under: polish history, diplomacy, royalty. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    4. Look back at Battle of Grunwald (detail) (10) (1878), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    5. Romanticism: Art that puts feeling, wildness and the power of nature above calm order and rules. Where can you see that in this work?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Source: TopImpressionists.com — accessed Sept. 25, 2026

    Bathory at Pskov — Jan Matejko Part 5 · Look closely

    Art quiz

    Bathory at Pskov — Jan Matejko

    How well do you know this artwork?

    Tick one answer for each of the 5 questions below. Each has exactly one correct answer.

    1. 1. Who is the artist of 'Bathory at Pskov'?

      • A Jan Matejko
      • B Leonardo da Vinci
      • C Vincent van Gogh

    2. 2. In which year was 'Bathory at Pskov' created?

      • A 1850
      • B 1872
      • C 1900

    3. 3. What historical event does 'Bathory at Pskov' depict?

      • A The Battle of Waterloo
      • B Peace negotiations between Stephen Báthory and Ivan the Terrible
      • C The signing of the Magna Carta

    4. 4. Which artistic movement is 'Bathory at Pskov' associated with?

      • A Impressionism
      • B Romantic Nationalism
      • C Cubism

    5. 5. Where is the original painting of 'Bathory at Pskov' currently located?

      • A Louvre Museum, Paris
      • B Royal Castle in Warsaw, Poland
      • C Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

    My score: ____ out of 5

    Answer key — for the teacher

    This starts a fresh printed page, so it can simply be left out of the copies.

    1A · 2B · 3B · 4B · 5B

    Check any answer against the catalogue record for this painting

    Source: TopImpressionists.com — accessed Sept. 25, 2026

    Bathory at Pskov — Jan Matejko Part 6 · Art quiz

    Questions & Answers

    How is "Bathory at Pskov" recommended to be printed - what size, what orientation?

    For "Bathory at Pskov", the recommended print setup is a large size and a panoramic orientation.

    How harmonious are the colors of "Bathory at Pskov" by Jan Matejko?

    "Bathory at Pskov" by Jan Matejko displays a softly mixed palette color harmony.

    Where does "Bathory at Pskov" fall in Jan Matejko's career?

    "Bathory at Pskov" belongs to the Mature Period of Jan Matejko's career. This classification relates the work to the artist's development.