Paper

Student Artwork Guide

Figure

Name Class Date

Jasper Johns, Figure. Reproduced for reference; rights reserved by the rights holder.

The facts

Artist
Jasper Johns topimpressionists.com/en/artists/jasper-johns/
Artist’s dates
1930 – ?
Medium
Acrylic On Canvas
Movement
Pop Art Art made from advertising, comics and packaging, treating supermarket images as worth a gallery wall.
Artistic style
Abstract Expressionist
Influences
Rauschenberg
Notable elements
Large number two, shapes/lines
Subject or theme
Iconography, Symbolism

In context

Figure — Jasper Johns

When might this have been painted?

  1. 1930

Shaded: the lifetime of Jasper Johns (1930–?)

This record has no exact year on file — using the artist's lifetime and the work's style, what decade would you guess?

Compare with

  • Flag topimpressionists.com/en/art/jasper-johns-flag-8XYBJH-en/
  • False Start, 1959 topimpressionists.com/en/art/jasper-johns-false-start-8XYBHJ-en/
  • False start topimpressionists.com/en/art/jasper-johns-false-start-AE3MV7-en/

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: topimpressionists.com/en/art/similar/jasper-johns-figure-AE3MV8-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Phthalo Green #2c2420

    Catalogued palette

    • #2C2420
    • #FDFCFB
    • #5F5149
    • #A7988B
    Palette
    Neutrals The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    Phthalo Green
    Intensity
    Monochromatic How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Statement How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Strong Color Unity How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Brilliant How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Muted How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    About this artwork

    Figure — Jasper Johns

    A World Within a Number: Deconstructing Jasper Johns’ “Figure”

    Jasper Johns' "Figure," a painting that immediately commands attention with its central, oversized numeral two, is far more than a simple depiction of quantity. It’s a carefully constructed meditation on perception, representation, and the very nature of visual language – a cornerstone of Johns’ distinctive artistic approach that bridged the gap between Abstract Expressionism and the burgeoning Pop Art movement. Born in 1930, Johns' career was defined by his deliberate subversion of conventional art-making practices, often employing familiar objects—flags, maps, targets—as subjects to challenge our assumptions about what constitutes “art.” "Figure" exemplifies this strategy brilliantly, inviting viewers to consider the inherent ambiguity and layered meanings embedded within seemingly straightforward imagery.

    The painting’s palette is deliberately restrained – a muted blend of greys and browns that lends an almost photographic quality to the composition. Thick brushstrokes, applied with a controlled yet energetic hand, create a sense of texture and depth, preventing the image from feeling flat or overly stylized. Notice how Johns doesn't attempt to render the number two realistically; instead, he employs a fragmented, almost geometric approach, suggesting its presence through shape and form rather than direct representation. This technique is characteristic of Johns’ work – he prioritizes the idea of an object over a literal depiction, creating a visual puzzle for the viewer to unravel.

    The Language of Symbols: Johns and American Iconography

    Johns' fascination with symbols—particularly those deeply rooted in American iconography—is central to understanding his work. The number two itself carries significant cultural weight, representing duality, balance, or even a sense of incompleteness. In the context of the painting, it functions as an anchor, drawing the eye and establishing a visual hierarchy. However, Johns deliberately avoids providing any definitive interpretation; he leaves the meaning open to the viewer’s own contemplation. This ambiguity is not accidental—it's a deliberate tactic designed to engage the audience in a dialogue with the artwork.

    Furthermore, the painting subtly references the tradition of “figure painting,” a historical movement that emphasized realistic representation of the human form. The title itself – "Figure" – acts as a playful wink at this established artistic lineage, suggesting a connection between the abstract and the representational. The use of numerals echoes the visual language of advertising and signage, further blurring the boundaries between art and everyday life—a key characteristic of Pop Art.

    Contextualizing “Figure”: The Post-War Shift in Artistic Vision

    Figure” was created during a period of profound transformation in American art. Following World War II, artists were grappling with questions about identity, representation, and the role of art in society. Abstract Expressionism, with its emphasis on spontaneous gesture and emotional expression, had dominated the artistic landscape for decades. However, by the late 1950s, a new generation of artists—including Johns, Rauschenberg, and Warhol—began to challenge these conventions, exploring alternative approaches to art-making.

    Johns’ shift towards using everyday objects as subjects reflected this broader cultural shift. He rejected the introspective focus of Abstract Expressionism in favor of a more outward-looking approach, engaging with the visual culture of American society. “Figure” embodies this transition—it's a painting that looks beyond the purely personal and engages with the collective consciousness.

    Emotional Resonance and Artistic Legacy

    Despite its seemingly simple composition, "Figure" possesses a remarkable emotional resonance. The muted colors, fragmented forms, and ambiguous symbolism create a sense of quiet contemplation – inviting viewers to slow down and consider the painting’s deeper meanings. Johns' work continues to resonate with audiences today because it speaks to fundamental questions about perception, representation, and the relationship between art and reality.

    Reproductions of “Figure” offer a unique opportunity to experience this artwork firsthand, bringing its subtle complexities into your home or office. WahooArt’s hand-painted reproductions capture the essence of Johns' masterful technique and imbue the image with a vibrant, authentic quality that is unmatched by digital prints. Consider how this piece can add a touch of intellectual intrigue and understated elegance to any space – a testament to the enduring power of Jasper Johns’ artistic vision.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Jasper Johns

    Born in Augusta, United States of America

    A Life Painted in Symbols: The World of Jasper Johns

    Jasper Johns emerged as a pivotal figure in the landscape of American art, bridging the emotive intensity of Abstract Expressionism with the burgeoning Pop Art movement that would soon redefine artistic boundaries. Born in Augusta, Georgia, in 1930, his early life was marked by a sense of displacement following his parents’ divorce, an experience that perhaps subtly informed his later explorations of identity and belonging within the context of American iconography. His formative years unfolded across various schools before he briefly attended the University of South Carolina, but it wasn't until his move to New York City in 1949 that Johns truly began to forge his artistic path. A period of service during the Korean War further shaped his perspective, exposing him to a world far removed from the burgeoning art scene he was eager to embrace upon his return.

    Breaking with Abstraction: The Dawn of a New Visual Language

    The post-war American art world was dominated by Abstract Expressionism—a style characterized by spontaneous gesture and deeply personal emotional expression. While initially influenced by this movement, Johns felt compelled to move beyond its purely non-representational approach. He sought a new visual language, one that incorporated recognizable imagery not as illustrations but as vehicles for deeper contemplation. This wasn’t simply about depicting the world; it was about questioning how we perceive and interpret symbols within it. Key influences guided his departure: Marcel Duchamp's radical readymades challenged conventional notions of art-making, while the emphasis on materiality in Abstract Expressionism informed Johns’ early techniques. However, it was the everyday objects and potent symbols of American culture—flags, targets, maps, numbers—that truly became central to his artistic vocabulary. He wasn’t interested in escaping representation; he wanted to dissect it, layer it with meaning, and ultimately reveal its inherent ambiguities.

    Iconic Images: Flags, Targets, and the Language of Symbols

    Johns' breakthrough works arrived in the mid-1950s, instantly establishing him as a force to be reckoned with. His paintings of flags, most notably Flag (1954–55), were not patriotic declarations but rather investigations into the very nature of representation. Rendered in a semi-abstract style, using encaustic—pigment mixed with hot wax—and collage techniques, these flags weren’t simply images; they were textured surfaces laden with symbolic weight. The target series, beginning in 1958, further explored this fascination with recognizable forms, questioning perception and meaning through the seemingly straightforward image of a bullseye. Map (1961), with its fragmented and layered depictions of the United States, delved into themes of geography, identity, and the complexities of national representation. Works like *False Start* (1959) demonstrated his experimentation with language and visual codes, creating complex compositions that challenged viewers to decipher their underlying meanings. Even White Flag (1955), a seemingly simple monochrome canvas, prompted profound questions about absence, surrender, and the very act of seeing.

    A Legacy of Influence: Paving the Way for Pop Art and Beyond

    Jasper Johns’ impact on the trajectory of modern art is undeniable. He played a crucial role in the transition from Abstract Expressionism to Pop Art, challenging the prevailing aesthetic norms and opening up new avenues for artistic exploration. By embracing recognizable imagery, he paved the way for artists like Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein, who would further blur the lines between high art and popular culture. His close collaboration with Robert Rauschenberg was also profoundly influential, fostering a spirit of experimentation and pushing the boundaries of artistic practice. Johns’ work continues to resonate today, inspiring generations of artists to question assumptions, challenge conventions, and explore the power of symbols in shaping our understanding of the world. He remains an active artist, constantly evolving his approach and solidifying his position as one of the most important figures in 20th and 21st-century art.

    Recognition and Enduring Impact

    Throughout his illustrious career, Jasper Johns has received numerous accolades, including a Golden Lion at the Venice Biennale in 1988, the National Medal of Arts in 1990, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2011. His works are held in major museum collections worldwide—the Museum of Modern Art, the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, and Tate Modern in London, to name just a few. He has been the subject of countless exhibitions, cementing his status as a master of modern art. Beyond his paintings, Johns’ contributions extend to sculpture and printmaking, demonstrating his versatility and unwavering commitment to artistic innovation. His enduring legacy lies not only in the iconic images he created but also in the profound questions he raised about the nature of representation, symbolism, and the very essence of what it means to be an artist in a rapidly changing world.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for Figure

    topimpressionists.com/en/art/download/jasper-johns-figure-AE3MV8-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Johns, Jasper. Figure. n.d., https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/jasper-johns-figure-AE3MV8-en/
    APA
    Johns, Jasper (n.d.). Figure [Painting]. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/jasper-johns-figure-AE3MV8-en/
    Chicago
    Jasper Johns. Figure. n.d. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/jasper-johns-figure-AE3MV8-en/
    Harvard
    Johns, Jasper (n.d.) Figure. Available at: https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/jasper-johns-figure-AE3MV8-en/

    Look closely

    Figure — Jasper Johns

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Our catalogue files this work under: number, symbolism, iconography. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    4. Look back at Flag, earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    5. Pop Art: Art made from advertising, comics and packaging, treating supermarket images as worth a gallery wall. Where can you see that in this work?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Art quiz

    Figure — Jasper Johns

    How well do you know this artwork?

    Tick one answer for each of the 5 questions below. Each has exactly one correct answer.

    1. 1. What is the most prominent element featured in Jasper Johns’ ‘Figure’?

      • A A complex landscape scene
      • B A large number two
      • C An abstract geometric pattern
    2. 2. The background of the painting consists of:

      • A Realistic depictions of human figures
      • B Various shapes and lines creating a visual effect
      • C A single, solid color
    3. 3. Based on the description, what is the overall impression conveyed by the painting’s composition?

      • A Calm and serene
      • B Intriguing and captivating
      • C Chaotic and unsettling
    4. 4. Jasper Johns is primarily associated with which art movements?

      • A Impressionism and Romanticism
      • B Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art
      • C Cubism and Surrealism
    5. 5. The painting’s use of a large number suggests which possible interpretation?

      • A A commentary on mathematical concepts
      • B It is simply an arbitrary element in the composition
      • C A reference to time or measurement

    My score: ____ out of 5

    Answer key — for the teacher

    This starts a fresh printed page, so it can simply be left out of the copies.

    1B · 2B · 3B · 4B · 5B