Paper

Student Artwork Guide

Arctic Dew

Name Class Date

Paul Klee, Arctic Dew (1920), Sezon Museum of Modern Art. Public domain. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
Paul Klee topimpressionists.com/en/artists/paul-klee/
Artist’s dates
1879 – 1940
Painted
1920
Medium
Oil On Board
Period
Modern
Held at
Sezon Museum of Modern Art topimpressionists.com/en/museums/sezon-museum-of-modern-art-karuizawa/
Artistic style
Abstract Expressionism
Influences
Cubism, Surrealism
Notable elements or techniques
Rhythmic waving lines; Color grids
Subject or theme
Arctic Landscape

In context

Arctic Dew — Paul Klee

When was this painted?

  1. 1870
  2. 1880
  3. 1890
  4. 1900
  5. 1910
  6. 1920
  7. 1930
  8. 1940

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 61 at death.

Painted when the artist was 41. The artist lived to 61. 49 of the 235 dated works by this artist in our catalogue came earlier.

Shaded: the lifetime of Paul Klee (1879–1940) ▲ this work, 1920 every dated painting, decade by decade

First works: up to 1920 Main working years: 1920–1937 Late works: from 1937

Those three bands split the works this catalogue has a date for into a first quarter, a middle half and a last quarter. They are not the artist’s complete output: a thin stretch may be a gap in the record rather than a quiet spell. The same years with the artist’s life laid along them

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: topimpressionists.com/en/art/similar/paul-klee-arctic-dew-D5H4RZ-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Gray #917368

    Catalogued palette

    • #917368
    • #805645
    • #B2A69E
    • #5E3734

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Palette
    Earthy The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    Gray
    Intensity
    Balanced How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Gentle How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Balanced Harmony How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Balanced How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Balanced Soft How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by Paul Klee over the last twelve months — 50 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 China 46.1%
    2. 2 United States of America 11.0%
    3. 3 Hong Kong 7.3%
    4. 4 Singapore 7.3%
    5. 5 Brazil 2.9%
    6. 6 France 2.6%
    7. 7 Italy 2.4%
    8. 8 Argentina 1.9%
    9. 9 Poland 1.7%
    10. 10 Germany 1.6%
    11. · 40 other countries 15.2%

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 20 most looked-at works by Paul Klee

    1. 1 Twittering machine 1 4.1%
    2. 2 To Parnassus, 1932 3.2%
    3. 3 Flora on sand, 1927 1.9%
    4. 4 Legend of the Nile, 1937 1.9%
    5. 5 Southern (Tunisian) Gardens 1.9%
    6. 6 Landscape with Yellow Birds, 1923 1.8%
    7. 7 Fire at Full Moon 1.5%
    8. 8 Fish Image, 1925 1.3%
    9. 9 Rose Garden, 1920 1.2%
    10. 10 Redgreen and Violet-Yellow Rhythms, 1920 1.2%
    11. 11 Serpent, 1926 1.1%
    12. 12 Reconstructing, 1926 1.1%
    13. 13 Comedians' Handbill, 1938 1.0%
    14. 14 Rote und weisse Kuppeln (also known as Red and white cupolas), 1914 1.0%
    15. 15 Tale à la Hoffmann 1.0%
    16. 16 Arabian Princess 0.9%
    17. 17 May Picture, 1925 0.9%
    18. 18 Arctic Dew, 1920 this painting 0.8%
    19. 19 The Lamb, 1920 0.8%
    20. 20 Fire evening, 1929 0.8%

    Together these works take 29.4% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 501 works by this artist, of which 402 were looked at at least once. This painting ranks 18 of them, with 0.8% of that attention. The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    About this artwork

    Arctic Dew — Paul Klee

    A Celestial Symphony in Oil

    In the ethereal realm of Paul Klee’s “Arctic Dew,” the boundaries between reality and imagination dissolve into a luminous dance of color and rhythm. Created in 1920, this mesmerizing work serves as an invitation to a dreamscape where the frozen stillness of the North Pole meets the vibrant energy of the aurora borealis. Klee, a master of synthesizing diverse modern movements, does not merely depict a landscape; he orchestrates a visual symphony. The painting is anchored by rhythmic, undulating lines that bisect the canvas, creating a dynamic equilibrium between a celestial upper world and a tranquil, reflective lower expanse. It is a piece that captures the very essence of atmospheric serenity, making it an extraordinary focal point for any collection seeking to evoke wonder.

    The brilliance of this masterpiece lies in its masterful manipulation of light and warmth. While the subject matter suggests an arctic vista, Klee eschews the traditional coldness of ice for a palette rich with ochre, sun-drenched yellows, soft pinks, and deep reds. These warm hues are harmoniously balanced by cooler whispers of blue and purple, creating a sense of depth that mimics the glowing layers of the Northern Lights. The technique involves a meticulous application of oil paint on canvas, where subtle layering produces an inner luminosity. This interplay of light suggests a world in flux—a moment of "thaw" where the suns above and their reflections below create a mirror-like dialogue between the heavens and the earth.

    Symbolism and the Language of Abstraction

    To gaze upon “Arctic Dew” is to engage with Klee’s profound philosophical approach to art. As a pivotal figure of the Bauhaus era, Klee viewed line and color as fundamental elements of a universal language. In this work, his signature blend of Expressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism allows him to move beyond mere representation. The simplified geometric shapes and flowing curves do not aim for topographical accuracy; instead, they symbolize the organic fluidity of nature. The presence of two suns—one radiant in the sky and its twin reflected in the melted ice below—speaks to themes of duality, reflection, and the cyclical nature of life and light.

    For the discerning collector or interior designer, this painting offers more than just aesthetic beauty; it provides an emotional anchor. The composition’s flattened perspective and ambiguous depth invite the viewer to lose themselves in its rhythmic movement, evoking feelings of tranquility, purity, and a quiet, contemplative isolation. Whether placed in a contemporary gallery setting or as a sophisticated accent in a curated living space, a high-quality reproduction of “Arctic Dew” brings with it the spirit of 20th-century innovation and the timeless magic of an imagined, luminous world.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Paul Klee

    Born in Münchenbuchsee, Switzerland

    A Life of Line and Lyricism

    Born in Münchenbuchsee, Switzerland, on December 18, 1879, Paul Klee entered a world shaped by the rhythms of music. His father, Hans Wilhelm Klee, was a German music teacher, and his mother, Ida Marie, was a Swiss singer. This early immersion in sound provided a foundation for a visual language that often mirrored musical arrangement. While he initially pursued the violin with great talent, eventually deciding that modern music lacked the creative pull he craved, he turned his focus toward the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. His studies there between 1898 and 1901 were marked by an early mastery of drawing, though he famously struggled with color during those first cold winters.

    The transition from a draftsman to an abstract thinker was not immediate. Klee’s early years involved exploring the boundaries of Symbolism and Art Nouveau, often working in black and white or through experimental techniques like needle drawing on blackened glass. A significant shift occurred in 1914 during a visit to Tunisia. The intense light of North Africa allowed him to detach color from physical description, using it instead as an independent force. This period provided the necessary push toward abstraction, moving his work away from mere representation and toward a more personal, symbolic vocabulary.

    The Bauhaus Years and Political Shadows

    Klee’s career reached a period of intense theoretical and creative activity during his time at the Bauhaus. From 1920 to 1930, he joined the faculty of this influential school of design and architecture, working alongside figures like Wassily Kandinsky. It was here that much of his prolific output occurred, particularly small-scale watercolors and drawings on paper. His teaching allowed him to explore the relationship between color and form with scientific precision, a subject he documented extensively in his notebooks. These writings, which examined the mechanics of design, are now regarded as essential texts for understanding modern composition.

    The stability of this era was abruptly interrupted by the rise of National Socialism. In 1933, Klee was dismissed from his position at the Academy of Fine Arts in Düsseldorf because the Nazi regime classified his work as “degenerate.” Forced to return to his native Bern, his later years were marked by a shift in tone. As political turmoil grew and his own health declined, his lines became heavier, turning into black bars, and his forms grew more generalized. The whimsicality of his earlier years gave way to a more somber, melancholic perspective, reflecting the gravity of the era.

    A Lasting Visual Language

    The breadth of Klee’s output is immense, totaling some 10,000 works that range from delicate sketches to larger, more structured compositions. His ability to blend influences from Cubism, Expressionism, and Surrealism resulted in a style that felt both childlike and deeply intellectual. He utilized a variety of media, including:

    Zinc-plate etchings

    Watercolor on gauze and paper

    Lithographs

    Charcoal and pencil drawings

    His work remains a study in balance, where titles often provided the necessary context for his often cryptic imagery. Whether through the use of simple stick figures or complex, colorful grids, he sought to express the inner world of ideas rather than the surface of reality. He died on June 29, 1940, in Muralto, Switzerland, leaving behind a body of work that bridged the gap between the figurative and the abstract.

    Museum

    Sezon Museum of Modern Art

    On show in Karuizawa, Japan

    A Sanctuary of Modernity: The Soul of Karuizawa

    Nestled within the emerald embrace of Karuizawa’s breathtaking natural landscape, the Sezon Museum of Modern Art stands as more than a mere repository for fine art; it is a profound dialogue between human creativity and the serene rhythms of the earth. To enter this space is to step into a contemplative haven where the boundaries between the interior gallery and the whispering forests of Nagano Prefecture begin to dissolve. The museum’s history is one of preservation and evolution, tracing its lineage back to 1962 as the Tanakawa Museum, established by Yasujiro Tsutsumi to safeguard a burgeoning legacy of aesthetic brilliance. As it transitioned to its current location in 1981 and eventually absorbed the esteemed collection of the Saison Museum, it has matured into a vital cultural beacon, offering a sanctuary where the pulse of contemporary art beats in perfect harmony with the seasonal shifts of the Japanese highlands.

    The architectural essence of the museum is a masterclass in organic integration, conceived by the visionary architect Kiyonori Kikutake. Rather than imposing itself upon the landscape, the structure acts as an architectural echo of the surrounding mountains and ancient trees. Utilizing a palette of natural materials such as cedar and stone, the design honors Japan’s deep-seated reverence for environmental connection. Large, expansive windows serve as living canvases, flooding the galleries with a soft, diffused daylight that breathes life into every brushstroke and sculpture. This deliberate transparency allows the art to exist not in isolation, but within a continuous flow of light and shadow, inviting visitors to experience works of art as part of a larger, breathing ecosystem.

    A Tapestry of Visionary Masters

    The collection held within these walls is a breathtakingly diverse tapestry, weaving together the bold, emotive threads of Western abstraction with the delicate, nuanced sensibilities of Japanese modernism. Collectors and enthusiasts will find themselves captivated by the museum’s ability to foster unexpected conversations between disparate eras and styles. One might find the monumental, color-saturated presence of Mark Rothko standing in silent, powerful communion with the sculptural precision of Isamu Noguchi. This juxtaposition is the heartbeat of the Sezon collection, where the visceral impact of Anselm Kiefer meets the ethereal, surrealist explorations of Man Ray. The museum’s strength lies in this very tension—the ability to present a world where non-representational forms and abstract textures challenge the viewer to engage with color and composition on a purely instinctive level.

    Beyond the heavyweights of international modernism, the museum celebrates the profound contributions of Japanese masters such as Hisao Domoto and the innovative spirit of Michael Rikio Ming Hee Ho. The curation extends even beyond the gallery walls into the enchanting sculptural gardens designed by Isamu Wakabayashi. Here, art becomes an immersive, open-air experience; sculptures interact with meticulously pruned bonsai trees and tranquil ponds, creating a pathway of discovery that encourages a slower, more meditative pace. For the interior designer or the lover of fine aesthetics, the museum serves as an ultimate inspiration, demonstrating how the placement of form and the consideration of space can elevate the human spirit and transform a physical environment into a spiritual retreat.

    A Legacy of Intellectual Discovery

    Throughout its storied existence, the Sezon Museum of Modern Art has remained at the vanguard of contemporary artistic discourse, hosting groundbreaking exhibitions that push the limits of spatial perception. Notable past showcases, such as the collaborative exploration of space by Hiroshi Hara and Madeline Gins, have challenged audiences to reconsider how we inhabit and interpret our surroundings. The museum’s ability to celebrate both established legends, like the vibrant and mesmerizing Yayoi Kusama, alongside emerging talents ensures that its narrative is never static, but always moving toward new horizons of meaning. It remains a destination where the act of viewing is transformed into an act of feeling—a place where every visitor is invited to contemplate the profound beauty inherent in both the man-made masterpiece and the natural world.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for Arctic Dew

    topimpressionists.com/en/art/download/paul-klee-arctic-dew-D5H4RZ-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Klee, Paul. Arctic Dew. 1920, Sezon Museum of Modern Art. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/paul-klee-arctic-dew-D5H4RZ-en/
    APA
    Klee, Paul (1920). Arctic Dew [Painting]. Sezon Museum of Modern Art. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/paul-klee-arctic-dew-D5H4RZ-en/
    Chicago
    Paul Klee. Arctic Dew. 1920. Sezon Museum of Modern Art. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/paul-klee-arctic-dew-D5H4RZ-en/
    Harvard
    Klee, Paul (1920) Arctic Dew. Sezon Museum of Modern Art. Available at: https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/paul-klee-arctic-dew-D5H4RZ-en/

    Look closely

    Arctic Dew — Paul Klee

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Our catalogue files this work under: arctic landscape, aurora borealis, geometric forms. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    4. Look back at Twittering machine 1, earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    5. Paul Klee was about 41 when this was made. What in it looks like the work of an artist at that stage?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Art quiz

    Arctic Dew — Paul Klee

    How well do you know this artwork?

    Tick one answer for each of the 5 questions below. Each has exactly one correct answer.

    1. 1. What artistic movements influenced Paul Klee’s style in Arctic Dew?

      • A Realism
      • B Impressionism
      • C Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism
    2. 2. The painting depicts a landscape inspired by what location?

      • A Paris
      • B Bern
      • C Tunisia
    3. 3. What is the dominant color palette used in Arctic Dew?

      • A Monochromatic blues
      • B Primarily greens and browns
      • C Warm tones – ochre, yellow, pinks, reds
    4. 4. How does Klee utilize rhythmic lines to divide the landscape in Arctic Dew?

      • A To create a detailed topographical map
      • B As symmetrical axes to separate upper and lower sections
      • C To depict individual trees
    5. 5. What is the primary purpose of Klee’s technique in Arctic Dew?

      • A To achieve photorealistic accuracy
      • B To convey emotion and atmosphere through loose brushstrokes
      • C To meticulously render architectural details

    My score: ____ out of 5

    Answer key — for the teacher

    This starts a fresh printed page, so it can simply be left out of the copies.

    1C · 2B · 3C · 4B · 5B

    Check any answer against the catalogue record for this painting

    Questions & Answers

    What technique was used for "Arctic Dew", and when was it created?

    "Arctic Dew" was made in 1920, in oil on board.

    What is "Arctic Dew" about?

    The themes present in "Arctic Dew" by Paul Klee include arctic landscape, aurora borealis, geometric forms, color grid, symbolic imagery, swiss art, bauhaus influence. Together they summarize the artwork's subject matter.

    In what period was "Arctic Dew" by Paul Klee made?

    The historical period of "Arctic Dew" by Paul Klee is Modern. This classification situates the work in art history.