Paper

Student Artwork Guide

To Parnassus

Name Class Date

Paul Klee, To Parnassus (1932), Kunstmuseum Bern. Public domain. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
Paul Klee topimpressionists.com/en/artists/paul-klee/
Artist’s dates
1879 – 1940
Painted
1932
Original size
126 x 100 cm
Movement
Abstract Expressionism Large canvases where the act of painting itself — the drip, the sweep — is the subject.
Period
Modern
Held at
Kunstmuseum Bern topimpressionists.com/en/museums/kunstmuseum-bern-bern-1/
Influences
Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, Bauhaus
Notable_elements
Sun/moon, mountain/pyramid, archway/portal, geometric shapes
Style
Mosaic-like, geometric abstraction, pixelated, modern
Subject
Nature, spirituality, transition

In context

To Parnassus — Paul Klee

How big is it?

The original measures 126 × 100 cm (height × width), drawn here beside an adult of average height.

When was this painted?

  1. 1870
  2. 1880
  3. 1890
  4. 1900
  5. 1910
  6. 1920
  7. 1930
  8. 1940

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 61 at death.

Painted when the artist was 53. The artist lived to 61. 160 of the 235 dated works by this artist in our catalogue came earlier.

Shaded: the lifetime of Paul Klee (1879–1940) ▲ this work, 1932 every dated painting, decade by decade

First works: up to 1920 Main working years: 1920–1937 Late works: from 1937

Those three bands split the works this catalogue has a date for into a first quarter, a middle half and a last quarter. They are not the artist’s complete output: a thin stretch may be a gap in the record rather than a quiet spell. The same years with the artist’s life laid along them

Compare with

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: topimpressionists.com/en/art/similar/paul-klee-to-parnassus-5ZKDVM-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Espresso #484037

    Catalogued palette

    • #484037
    • #57605B
    • #8A6349
    • #728481

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Main colour name
    Espresso
    Intensity
    Monochromatic How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Serene How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Discordant Palette How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Balanced How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Subtle Color How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by Paul Klee over the last twelve months — 55 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 China 44.5%62,000 visits
    2. 2 United States of America 11.0%15,300 visits
    3. 3 Hong Kong 7.0%9,800 visits
    4. 4 Singapore 7.0%9,800 visits
    5. 5 Brazil 2.8%3,900 visits
    6. 6 France 2.8%3,900 visits
    7. 7 Italy 2.7%3,800 visits
    8. 8 Argentina 2.0%2,800 visits
    9. 9 Germany 1.9%2,700 visits
    10. 10 Spain 1.9%2,600 visits
    11. · 45 other countries 16.4%22,800 visits

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 20 most looked-at works by Paul Klee

    1. 1 Twittering machine 1 4.3%8,900 visits
    2. 2 To Parnassus, 1932 this painting 3.6%7,500 visits
    3. 3 Flora on sand, 1927 2.0%4,200 visits
    4. 4 Landscape with Yellow Birds, 1923 2.0%4,100 visits
    5. 5 Legend of the Nile, 1937 1.9%3,900 visits
    6. 6 Southern (Tunisian) Gardens 1.9%3,900 visits
    7. 7 Fire at Full Moon 1.5%3,100 visits
    8. 8 Redgreen and Violet-Yellow Rhythms, 1920 1.4%3,000 visits
    9. 9 Rose Garden, 1920 1.3%2,800 visits
    10. 10 Tale à la Hoffmann 1.2%2,500 visits
    11. 11 Fish Image, 1925 1.1%2,400 visits
    12. 12 Comedians' Handbill, 1938 1.1%2,300 visits
    13. 13 Serpent, 1926 1.1%2,300 visits
    14. 14 Reconstructing, 1926 1.1%2,200 visits
    15. 15 Arabian Princess 1.0%2,100 visits
    16. 16 Arctic Dew, 1920 1.0%2,000 visits
    17. 17 Women, 1921 1.0%2,000 visits
    18. 18 Fire evening, 1929 1.0%2,000 visits
    19. 19 Rote und weisse Kuppeln (also known as Red and white cupolas), 1914 0.9%1,900 visits
    20. 20 May Picture, 1925 0.9%1,800 visits

    Together these works take 31.3% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 501 works by this artist, of which 413 were looked at at least once. This painting ranks 2 of them, with 3.6% of that attention (7,500 visits). The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    About this artwork

    To Parnassus — Paul Klee

    Captivating Subject and Symbolism

    This striking artwork presents a vibrant and layered landscape that invites viewers into a world of imagination and contemplation. Central to the composition is a luminous orange circle, reminiscent of a sun or moon, symbolizing energy, enlightenment, and the passage of time. Beneath this celestial body, a prominent triangular shape suggests a mountain or pyramid, evoking stability, aspiration, and spiritual ascent. The inclusion of an archway or portal hints at transition, passage, and the journey between worlds. Together, these elements create a narrative rich in symbolism, blending natural and human-made motifs to evoke themes of discovery, enlightenment, and transcendence.

    Innovative Style and Technique

    This masterpiece exemplifies a masterful fusion of geometric abstraction, mosaic art, and modern digital aesthetics. The meticulous arrangement of tiny, square, and rectangular tiles creates a textured surface that resembles a mosaic or pixelated image, emphasizing precision and craftsmanship. The artist employs bold black outlines to define major shapes, giving the work a stained-glass or mosaic quality that enhances its visual impact. The diverse color palette—ranging from warm oranges and reds to cool blues and purples—adds depth and vibrancy, guiding the viewer’s eye across the composition. The technique invites close inspection, revealing intricate details that evoke a tactile, almost pixelated feel, bridging traditional craftsmanship with contemporary digital influences.

    Historical Context and Artistic Influences

    Created in 1932, during a period of profound experimentation in modern art, this work reflects the influence of Expressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism. The early 20th century was a time of artistic exploration, where artists sought to break free from traditional representational art and delve into abstraction, symbolism, and new visual languages. Paul Klee, the artist behind this piece, was a pioneering figure at the Bauhaus school, renowned for his innovative use of color and form. His writings on color theory and design have left a lasting legacy, positioning him as a key figure in the development of modern art. This work embodies his fascination with the interplay of color, shape, and symbolism, capturing the spirit of artistic experimentation of its era.

    Symbolism and Emotional Impact

    Beyond its visual appeal, this artwork evokes a sense of wonder, curiosity, and introspection. The glowing sun or moon symbolizes energy, enlightenment, and spiritual awakening, while the layered landscape and geometric forms suggest a journey or passage through different states of consciousness. The harmonious balance of warm and cool colors creates an emotional rhythm—invoking feelings of warmth, serenity, and awe. The textured mosaic surface invites viewers to explore the piece closely, fostering a personal connection and encouraging reflection on themes of transition, discovery, and the pursuit of higher understanding.

    A Perfect Addition for Collectors and Interior Design

    This high-quality reproduction offers art lovers, collectors, and interior designers an exceptional opportunity to own a piece that combines artistic innovation with profound symbolism. Its vibrant colors and intricate details make it an eye-catching centerpiece in any space, from modern living rooms to sophisticated galleries. Whether displayed as a standalone statement or integrated into a curated collection, this artwork enhances any environment with its dynamic energy and timeless appeal. It is not only a visual delight but also a source of inspiration, inviting viewers to explore their own journey of discovery through art.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Paul Klee

    Born in Münchenbuchsee, Switzerland

    A Life of Line and Lyricism

    Born in Münchenbuchsee, Switzerland, on December 18, 1879, Paul Klee entered a world shaped by the rhythms of music. His father, Hans Wilhelm Klee, was a German music teacher, and his mother, Ida Marie, was a Swiss singer. This early immersion in sound provided a foundation for a visual language that often mirrored musical arrangement. While he initially pursued the violin with great talent, eventually deciding that modern music lacked the creative pull he craved, he turned his focus toward the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. His studies there between 1898 and 1901 were marked by an early mastery of drawing, though he famously struggled with color during those first cold winters.

    The transition from a draftsman to an abstract thinker was not immediate. Klee’s early years involved exploring the boundaries of Symbolism and Art Nouveau, often working in black and white or through experimental techniques like needle drawing on blackened glass. A significant shift occurred in 1914 during a visit to Tunisia. The intense light of North Africa allowed him to detach color from physical description, using it instead as an independent force. This period provided the necessary push toward abstraction, moving his work away from mere representation and toward a more personal, symbolic vocabulary.

    The Bauhaus Years and Political Shadows

    Klee’s career reached a period of intense theoretical and creative activity during his time at the Bauhaus. From 1920 to 1930, he joined the faculty of this influential school of design and architecture, working alongside figures like Wassily Kandinsky. It was here that much of his prolific output occurred, particularly small-scale watercolors and drawings on paper. His teaching allowed him to explore the relationship between color and form with scientific precision, a subject he documented extensively in his notebooks. These writings, which examined the mechanics of design, are now regarded as essential texts for understanding modern composition.

    The stability of this era was abruptly interrupted by the rise of National Socialism. In 1933, Klee was dismissed from his position at the Academy of Fine Arts in Düsseldorf because the Nazi regime classified his work as “degenerate.” Forced to return to his native Bern, his later years were marked by a shift in tone. As political turmoil grew and his own health declined, his lines became heavier, turning into black bars, and his forms grew more generalized. The whimsicality of his earlier years gave way to a more somber, melancholic perspective, reflecting the gravity of the era.

    A Lasting Visual Language

    The breadth of Klee’s output is immense, totaling some 10,000 works that range from delicate sketches to larger, more structured compositions. His ability to blend influences from Cubism, Expressionism, and Surrealism resulted in a style that felt both childlike and deeply intellectual. He utilized a variety of media, including:

    Zinc-plate etchings

    Watercolor on gauze and paper

    Lithographs

    Charcoal and pencil drawings

    His work remains a study in balance, where titles often provided the necessary context for his often cryptic imagery. Whether through the use of simple stick figures or complex, colorful grids, he sought to express the inner world of ideas rather than the surface of reality. He died on June 29, 1940, in Muralto, Switzerland, leaving behind a body of work that bridged the gap between the figurative and the abstract.

    Museum

    Kunstmuseum Bern

    On show in Bern, Schweiz

    Ein Heiligtum der Schweizer und Weltweiten Kunst: Die Entdeckung des Kunstmuseums Bern

    Eingebettet im Herzen von Bern, Schweiz, erhebt sich das Kunstmuseum als Zeugnis eines Jahrhunderts voller Hingabe an die Bewahrung und Innovation der Kunst. Gegründet im Jahr 1879, trägt es den ehrenvollen Titel des ältesten öffentlichen Kunstmuseums der Schweiz und hat sich von seinen bescheidenen Anfängen, die regionale Talente hervorheben sollten, zu einer international anerkannten Institution entwickelt. Die Steine des Gebäudes selbst scheinen Geschichten kultureller Entwicklung zu flüstern, widerhallend in Galerien, die eine bemerkenswerte Sammlung beherbergen – über 3.000 Gemälde und Skulpturen sowie ein umfangreiches Archiv mit Zeichnungen, Drucken, Fotografien, Videos und Filmen. Ein Besuch hier ist nicht nur eine Beobachtung; es ist eine immersive Reise durch die Geschichte menschlicher Kreativität, ein Dialog zwischen den Meistern der Vergangenheit und den Visionären der Gegenwart. Das Museum stellt Kunst nicht einfach aus – es kultiviert eine Erfahrung, lädt zur Kontemplation ein und fördert ein tieferes Verständnis künstlerischen Ausdrucks im Laufe der Jahrhunderte.

    Meister der Form und des Geistes: Höhepunkte der Sammlung

    Das Kunstmuseum Bern besitzt eine ebenso vielfältige wie tiefgründige Sammlung, doch einige Namen hallen besonders stark in seinen Mauern wider. Die Präsenz von Pablo Picasso ist spürbar, mit einer fesselnden Auswahl an Werken, die seine revolutionäre stilistische Entwicklung nachzeichnen. Vor diesen Leinwänden zu stehen bedeutet, Zeuge der Geburt des Kubismus und des unermüdlichen Experimentierens zu werden, das eine Ära definierte. Genauso bedeutsam sind die Beiträge Schweizer Künstler – Ferdinand Hodler, dessen symbolische Landschaften den Geist der Nation einfangen, und Paul Klee, ein Meister der Farbe und Form, dessen fantasievolle, aber tiefgründige Kreationen Generationen begeistert haben. Das Engagement des Museums für die Hervorhebung schweizerischer Talente ist nicht nur patriotisch; es ist eine Anerkennung, dass künstlerisches Genie in allen Winkeln der Welt aufblüht. Jenseits dieser ikonischen Figuren entdecken Besucher Meisterwerke von Meret Oppenheim, bekannt für ihre surrealen Objekte, die Wahrnehmungen in Frage stellen und zum Nachdenken anregen, sowie eine Reihe zeitgenössischer Künstler, die die Grenzen des visuellen Ausdrucks erweitern, darunter Katharina Grosses großformatige und lebendige Gemälde. Die Sammlung ist kein bloßes Sammelsurium individueller Genialität, sondern ein dynamischer Dialog im Laufe der Zeit – ein fesselnder Austausch zwischen künstlerischen Bewegungen und persönlichen Visionen.

    Eine Architektur, die die Epoche widerspiegelt

    Die physische Struktur des Kunstmuseums Bern selbst ist integraler Bestandteil des Kunsterlebnisses – eine harmonische Mischung aus historischer Bewahrung und moderner Designsensibilität. Die elegante Fassade lässt erahnen, welche Schätze sie birgt, während geräumige Innenräume eine einladende Atmosphäre zur Kontemplation bieten. Durchdachte Renovierungen haben die Ausstellungsmöglichkeiten verbessert, ohne den inhärenten Charme des Gebäudes zu beeinträchtigen, und so einen harmonischen Dialog zwischen Vergangenheit und Gegenwart geschaffen. Diese architektonische Sensibilität spiegelt den kuratorischen Ansatz des Museums wider: Tradition respektieren und gleichzeitig Innovation annehmen. Es ist ein Raum, der nicht nur dazu dient, Kunst zu beherbergen, sondern auch ihre Wirkung zu verstärken und es Besuchern zu ermöglichen, vollständig in das kreative Erlebnis einzutauchen. Das Spiel von Licht und Schatten, die sorgfältige Berücksichtigung des räumlichen Flusses – jedes Element trägt zu einer Umgebung bei, die Wertschätzung und Verständnis fördert.

    Ein Erbe ethischer Verantwortung und historischer Rechenschaftspflicht

    Die Geschichte des Kunstmuseums Bern geht über die Akquisition von Meisterwerken hinaus; es ist eine Erzählung, die tief mit ethischer Verantwortung und historischer Bilanzierung verbunden ist. Einzigartig beherbergt das Museum die Sammlung Gurlitt – eine umstrittene Sammlung von Kunstwerken, die Cornelius Gurlitt angehäuft hat, von denen viele während des Zweiten Weltkriegs als geraubt vermutet werden. Die Übernahme dieser Sammlung im Jahr 2014 war nicht nur ein Akt der Akquisition, sondern ein tiefes Engagement für Provenienzforschung und Restitution – eine Hingabe an Transparenz und akademische Exzellenz, die das Kunstmuseum Bern auszeichnet. Dieses Engagement unterstreicht die Rolle des Museums als Hüter des kulturellen Erbes und stellt sicher, dass Kunst nach Möglichkeit an ihre rechtmäßigen Eigentümer zurückgegeben wird. Dieses Engagement geht über die Sammlung Gurlitt hinaus; es beeinflusst alle Aspekte der Museumsarbeit und festigt seine Position als führendes Unternehmen in ethischen Sammelpraktiken und verantwortungsvoller Verwaltung. Das Museum setzt sich aktiv mit der komplexen Geschichte auseinander, die diese Werke umgibt, fördert den Dialog und fördert ein tieferes Verständnis für die Rolle der Kunst im größeren historischen Kontext.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for To Parnassus

    topimpressionists.com/en/art/download/paul-klee-to-parnassus-5ZKDVM-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Klee, Paul. To Parnassus. 1932, Kunstmuseum Bern. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/paul-klee-to-parnassus-5ZKDVM-en/
    APA
    Klee, Paul (1932). To Parnassus [Painting]. Kunstmuseum Bern. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/paul-klee-to-parnassus-5ZKDVM-en/
    Chicago
    Paul Klee. To Parnassus. 1932. Kunstmuseum Bern. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/paul-klee-to-parnassus-5ZKDVM-en/
    Harvard
    Klee, Paul (1932) To Parnassus. Kunstmuseum Bern. Available at: https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/paul-klee-to-parnassus-5ZKDVM-en/

    Look closely

    To Parnassus — Paul Klee

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Our catalogue files this work under: abstract, geometric, landscape. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    4. Look back at Twittering machine 1, earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    5. Abstract Expressionism: Large canvases where the act of painting itself — the drip, the sweep — is the subject. Where can you see that in this work?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Art quiz

    To Parnassus — Paul Klee

    How well do you know this artwork?

    Tick one answer for each of the 5 questions below. Each has exactly one correct answer.

    1. 1. Who is the artist of the artwork 'To Parnassus'?

      • A Wassily Kandinsky
      • B Paul Klee
      • C Pablo Picasso
    2. 2. In what year was 'To Parnassus' created?

      • A 1929
      • B 1932
      • C 1940
    3. 3. Which artistic movement best describes 'To Parnassus'?

      • A Impressionism
      • B Abstract Expressionism and Geometric Abstraction
      • C Realism
    4. 4. What technique is prominently featured in 'To Parnassus'?

      • A Oil painting with mosaic-like, pixelated textures
      • B Charcoal sketching
      • C Watercolor wash
    5. 5. Which symbolic element is likely represented by the large orange circle in the artwork?

      • A A mountain
      • B The sun or moon
      • C A portal

    My score: ____ out of 5

    Answer key — for the teacher

    This starts a fresh printed page, so it can simply be left out of the copies.

    1B · 2B · 3B · 4A · 5B

    Check any answer against the catalogue record for this painting

    Questions & Answers

    What technique and style characterize "To Parnassus" by Paul Klee?

    In "To Parnassus", the acrylic on canvas technique meets the Abstract Expressionism movement.

    Toward which tone does "To Parnassus" lean?

    "To Parnassus" leans toward an ochre to sepia tone.

    Can I order an oil reproduction of "To Parnassus"?

    Hand-painted copies of "To Parnassus" by Paul Klee are sold on this website: a hand-painted oil reproduction on linen canvas, ordered from its Hand-Painted Reproduction page.