Paper

Student Artwork Guide

Sky

Name Class Date

Per Bak Jensen, Sky, The Danish Parliament. Reproduced for reference; rights reserved by the rights holder. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
Per Bak Jensen topimpressionists.com/en/artists/per-bak-jensen/
Artist’s dates
1949 –
Original size
252 x 180 cm
Movement
Contemporary Realism Living artists painting the real world with traditional skill, often from photographs as well as from life.
Held at
The Danish Parliament topimpressionists.com/en/museums/the-danish-parliament-copenhagen/
Artistic style
Realism, Stylized
Influences
Metaphysical Impression
Notable elements or techniques
Stark lines, Muted tones, Linear composition
Subject or theme
Nature, Solitude, Melancholy

In context

Sky — Per Bak Jensen

How big is it?

The original measures 252 × 180 cm (height × width), drawn here beside an adult of average height. It is too large to draw to scale on this page.

When might this have been painted?

  1. 1940

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span, counting 0 from birth.

every dated painting, decade by decade

This record has no exact year on file — using the artist's lifetime and the work's style, what decade would you guess?

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Plum #c1cee8

    Catalogued palette

    • #C1CEE8
    • #181917
    • #505240
    • #88909B

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Palette
    Neutrals The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    Plum
    Intensity
    Balanced How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Statement How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Strong Color Unity How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Bright How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Muted How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    About this artwork

    Sky — Per Bak Jensen

    A Stark Meditation on Nature: Per Bak Jensen's "Sky"

    Per Bak Jensen’s “Sky” is more than just a photograph; it's a carefully constructed visual poem. This striking image, created for the committee room at Christiansborg, captures a profound sense of solitude and quietude through its minimalist composition and muted palette. The photograph presents a vertical panorama dominated by the stark silhouettes of tree trunks rising against a cloudy sky. Jensen’s work isn't about celebrating nature in a conventional way; instead, it offers a contemplative observation, almost an unsettling stillness that invites introspection. The linear emphasis created by the trees draws the eye upwards, reinforcing a feeling of isolation and perhaps even hinting at something beyond the visible world. The overall impression is one of restrained power – a landscape stripped bare to its essential elements.

    Style & Technique: Precision and Restraint

    Jensen’s style aligns with a form of realism that's subtly stylized through his meticulous attention to detail and composition. He eschews manipulation, adhering to the principle of capturing reality as it appears before him. The photograph is rendered in natural light, showcasing Jensen’s mastery of exposure and angle. The technique itself is deceptively simple: a straightforward photographic process. However, the impact lies in the deliberate choices made regarding framing, lighting, and focus. The shallow depth of field contributes to the sense of detachment, while the diffused lighting softens edges and creates a pervasive atmosphere of quietude. Jensen’s dedication to capturing the scene without alteration underscores his commitment to authenticity and allows the inherent beauty (and perhaps melancholy) of the subject matter to speak for itself.

    Historical Context & Artistic Influences

    Per Bak Jensen's work emerged from a broader artistic landscape exploring themes of alienation and existentialism prevalent in late 20th-century art. While not directly tied to a specific movement, his photographic style shares affinities with the New Topographics school of photography, which emphasized objective documentation of landscapes, often industrial or urban, devoid of romantic sentimentality. Furthermore, Jensen’s focus on seemingly mundane subjects—corn stubble, twigs, rocks—echoes the minimalist aesthetic that gained prominence in art during this period. His work can also be seen as a response to the increasingly complex and rapidly changing world, offering a return to simplicity and contemplation within nature. The commission for Christiansborg suggests an appreciation for his unique vision by Danish institutions.

    Symbolism & Emotional Impact

    “Sky” doesn’t offer overt symbolic narratives; its power resides in its ability to evoke emotion through visual cues. The towering trees, reaching towards a clouded sky, can be interpreted as symbols of resilience and endurance against an uncertain future. The muted color palette—browns, greys, and blues—contributes to a somber mood, fostering feelings of solitude and perhaps even melancholy. There's a sense of quiet drama in the stark contrast between the dark tree trunks and the lighter sky, creating a visual tension that holds the viewer’s attention. Ultimately, “Sky” is an invitation to pause, reflect, and contemplate the profound beauty and inherent stillness found within the natural world. It resonates with a deep sense of introspection, leaving a lasting impression on the observer.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Per Bak Jensen

    Born in Copenhagen, Denmark

    A Quiet Observer: The Metaphysical Landscapes of Per Bak Jensen

    Per Bak Jensen, born in Copenhagen in 1949, is a Danish photographer whose work transcends the simple documentation of place. He doesn’t merely show us landscapes or industrial sites; he invites us into a contemplative space where the ordinary becomes imbued with an almost unsettling beauty and a profound sense of solitude. His journey to becoming one of Scandinavia's most respected contemporary artists was not immediate. After various pursuits, Jensen found his calling at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in 1980, graduating six years later and subsequently dedicating himself to teaching there until 2009. This academic grounding fostered a meticulous approach to his craft, but it was his unique vision—a patient observation coupled with an unwavering refusal to manipulate the image—that truly set him apart.

    Early Explorations and the Enigmatic City

    Jensen’s early work, notably “Den gådefulde by” (The Enigmatic City) in 1988, signaled a departure from conventional landscape photography. Instead of grand vistas or picturesque scenes, he focused on the overlooked corners of Copenhagen: parks, cemeteries, and areas surrounding museums and monuments. Shot in stark black and white with a large-format camera, these images presented a city stripped bare, almost alienating in its emptiness. The power lay not in what was present but in what was absent. The photographs weren’t about the buildings themselves, but rather the “invisible” aspects of the urban environment—the lingering echoes of history, the weight of time, and a pervasive sense of melancholy. This initial series established a key theme that would run throughout his career: revealing the unreal within the everyday. As critic Poul Erik Tøjner aptly described it, Jensen’s work embodies "metaphysical realism," stripping away surface appearances to expose something deeper and more elusive.

    The Pursuit of Essence Through Light and Composition

    Jensen's artistic process is characterized by a remarkable restraint. He approaches his subjects with an almost scientific precision, carefully considering angle, light, and exposure. However, crucially, he never manipulates the photographs after they are taken. He believes in allowing the scene to speak for itself, trusting that the inherent qualities of the subject—its texture, its form, its relationship to the surrounding environment—will reveal themselves through careful framing and timing. This commitment to authenticity is particularly evident in his later work with color photography, where he acknowledges a certain fear of colors’ seductive power, striving instead to capture the “content” rather than being distracted by mere aesthetics. He seeks not to embellish reality but to distill it down to its essential elements. His subjects—corn stubble, twigs in the snow, isolated rocks—are deliberately unassuming, chosen for their ability to evoke a sense of quiet contemplation and invite introspection.

    A Legacy of Influence and Recognition

    Per Bak Jensen’s impact extends beyond his own impressive body of work. As an associate professor at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, he fostered a generation of photographers, encouraging them to explore the technical possibilities of the medium while remaining true to their individual visions. His photographs are held in prestigious collections worldwide, including the Bibliothèque nationale de France, the International Center of Photography in New York, and Louisiana Museum of Modern Art. He has exhibited extensively throughout Europe and North America, solidifying his reputation as a leading figure in contemporary art photography. More than simply documenting landscapes, Jensen offers a profound meditation on our relationship to the world around us—a quiet invitation to slow down, observe, and find beauty in the most unexpected places. His work continues to resonate with audiences seeking a deeper connection to nature, memory, and the subtle mysteries of existence.

    Museum

    The Danish Parliament

    On show in Copenhagen, Denmark

    The Living Tapestry of Danish Democracy

    Within the storied walls of

    Christiansborg Palace

    , where the pulse of the nation beats most steadily, lies an experience that transcends the mere observation of politics. To enter the seat of the

    Folketinget

    is to step into a living narrative, a profound intersection of legislative power and artistic grandeur. The palace itself, standing resilient on the historic island of Slotsholmen, serves as a monumental testament to Danish endurance. Having risen from the ashes of devastating fires in 1794 and 1884, the current structure—completed in 1928—is a masterful architectural achievement that marries classical dignity with modern design sensibilities. For the art lover and the historian alike, the palace is not merely a building but an architectural palimpsest, where every stone and gilded ornament whispers tales of a nation’s evolution from a monarchical past to a transparent, democratic present.

    As one wanders through the ornate parliamentary chambers, the atmosphere shifts from the weight of governance to the delicate beauty of craftsmanship. The interiors are far more than functional spaces for debate; they are curated environments designed to inspire reverence and thoughtful deliberation. In the Royal Reception Rooms, the splendor of Danish artistry is on full display, offering a feast for the eyes through opulent furnishings and breathtaking ceiling frescoes that capture the light of Copenhagen’s shifting skies. For interior designers and collectors, these rooms represent the pinnacle of decorative excellence, where intricate details and symbolic decorations serve to narrate the political journey of Denmark through the language of fine art and exquisite ornamentation.

    A Sanctuary of Cultural Identity

    The collection housed within these historic walls offers a poignant reflection of Danish cultural identity, blending historical significance with aesthetic mastery. While not a traditional museum in the conventional sense, the palace serves as a sanctuary for works that capture the very soul of the region. One cannot help but be moved by the Impressionist brilliance of

    Paul Gustave Fischer

    , whose work

    The Fish Market at Gammelstrand

    breathes life into the vibrant, bustling atmosphere of Copenhagen’s historic fishing district. Similarly, his serene depiction in

    A Street Scene In Winter, Copenhagen

    invites a moment of quiet contemplation, showcasing the architectural grace and urban tranquility of the city. These paintings do not merely decorate the halls; they act as visual anchors, connecting the contemporary political discourse to the enduring spirit of the Danish people.

    What truly distinguishes the Danish Parliament is its remarkable accessibility, breaking the traditional barriers between the institution and the citizenry. It remains a dynamic, breathing entity where the public is invited to witness the mechanics of democracy firsthand through guided tours and live parliamentary sessions. This transparency creates a unique dialogue between the art on the walls and the people in the halls, fostering a sense of shared heritage. Through ongoing exhibitions that explore contemporary interpretations of Danish values and meticulous renovations aimed at preserving its architectural integrity, the palace ensures that its legacy remains both a window into the past and a beacon for the future.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for Sky

    topimpressionists.com/en/art/download/per-bak-jensen-sky-D7FA72-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Jensen, Per Bak. Sky. n.d., The Danish Parliament. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/per-bak-jensen-sky-D7FA72-en/
    APA
    Jensen, Per Bak (n.d.). Sky [Painting]. The Danish Parliament. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/per-bak-jensen-sky-D7FA72-en/
    Chicago
    Per Bak Jensen. Sky. n.d. The Danish Parliament. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/per-bak-jensen-sky-D7FA72-en/
    Harvard
    Jensen, Per Bak (n.d.) Sky. The Danish Parliament. Available at: https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/per-bak-jensen-sky-D7FA72-en/

    Look closely

    Sky — Per Bak Jensen

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Our catalogue files this work under: landscape, denmark, trees. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    4. Contemporary Realism: Living artists painting the real world with traditional skill, often from photographs as well as from life. Where can you see that in this work?
    5. Themes that come back through the work of Per Bak Jensen: minimalism in composition, scandinavian landscape tradition, emphasis on natural light. Which of them do you see here?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Art quiz

    Sky — Per Bak Jensen

    How well do you know this artwork?

    Tick one answer for each of the 5 questions below. Each has exactly one correct answer.

    1. 1. What is the overall mood conveyed by Per Bak Jensen’s ‘Sky’?

      • A Joyful and vibrant
      • B Somber, solitary, and melancholic
      • C Energetic and dynamic
    2. 2. Which of the following best describes the dominant compositional element in 'Sky'?

      • A A sweeping panoramic view
      • B Strong vertical lines emphasizing height
      • C A chaotic arrangement of shapes and colors
    3. 3. Per Bak Jensen’s photographic style is characterized by which key principle?

      • A Extensive digital manipulation after capture
      • B Careful attention to angle, light, and exposure without post-capture alteration
      • C Bold use of vibrant, saturated colors
    4. 4. What is Per Bak Jensen’s background as an artist?

      • A He primarily works with sculpture.
      • B He is a Danish landscape photographer and former associate professor at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts.
      • C He specializes in portrait photography.
    5. 5. The image’s texture appears rough and uneven on which element?

      • A The sky
      • B The foliage below
      • C The bark of the trees

    My score: ____ out of 5

    Answer key — for the teacher

    This starts a fresh printed page, so it can simply be left out of the copies.

    1B · 2B · 3B · 4B · 5C

    Check any answer against the catalogue record for this painting

    Questions & Answers

    How saturated is the palette of "Sky"?

    The colors of "Sky" by Per Bak Jensen have a muted saturation. Saturation describes how vivid or muted the colors are.

    What subjects appear in "Sky" by Per Bak Jensen?

    The subjects of "Sky" are landscape, denmark, trees, sky, solitude, melancholy, photography, minimalism.

    Is "Sky" free of copyright?

    Regarding copyright, "Sky" is still protected by copyright.