Paper
Name Class Date

Sir Sidney Robert Nolan, Central Australia, Canberra Museum and Gallery. Reproduced for reference; rights reserved by the rights holder. See this canvas under a moving light: the drawing, the true colour under the varnish, the bare pigment

The facts

Artist
Sir Sidney Robert Nolan topimpressionists.com/en/artists/sir-sidney-robert-nolan/
Artist’s dates
1917 – 1992
Original size
91 x 122 cm
Movement
Modernist
Held at
Canberra Museum and Gallery topimpressionists.com/en/museums/canberra-museum-and-gallery-canberra/
Artistic style
Mythology
Influences
Paul Klee
Notable elements or techniques
Bold abstraction; Spatial innovation
Subject or theme
Landscape

In context

Central Australia — Sir Sidney Robert Nolan

How big is it?

The original measures 91 × 122 cm (height × width), drawn here beside an adult of average height.

When might this have been painted?

  1. 1910
  2. 1920
  3. 1930
  4. 1940
  5. 1950
  6. 1960
  7. 1970
  8. 1980
  9. 1990

Row above: the years. Row below: how old the artist was at the start and at the end of each span — 0 at birth, 75 at death.

Shaded: the lifetime of Sir Sidney Robert Nolan (1917–1992) every dated painting, decade by decade

This record has no exact year on file — using the artist's lifetime and the work's style, what decade would you guess?

Compare with

  • Ern Malley, 1973 topimpressionists.com/en/art/sir-sidney-robert-nolan-ern-malley-D4CL5V-en/
  • Glenrowan topimpressionists.com/en/art/sir-sidney-robert-nolan-glenrowan-D9APM4-en/
  • Kelly and horse topimpressionists.com/en/art/sir-sidney-robert-nolan-kelly-and-horse-D9A9BP-en/

Pick one work above: name two things it shares with this one, and one thing that's different.

More works to set beside this one: topimpressionists.com/en/art/similar/sir-sidney-robert-nolan-central-australia-D9APJF-en/

Colours

Measured from the image

    Main colour

    Clay #a15c31

    Catalogued palette

    • #A15C31
    • #792621
    • #B9C9D8
    • #BC8850

    These colours inside the artist’s whole palette Find other paintings by colour

    Palette
    Dark The dominant colour family in the image.
    Main colour name
    Clay
    Intensity
    Vivid How saturated and varied the colours are, from a single toned-down hue to many bright ones.
    Contrast
    Balanced How much the colours differ in lightness and saturation across the picture.
    Harmony
    Strong Color Unity How well the colours work together, from clashing to fully unified.
    Brightness
    Bright How light or dark the picture reads overall, from deep shadow to bright highlight.
    Saturation
    Clear Color Presence How pure and strong the colours are, from near-grey to fully vivid.

    Where in the world is this painting looked at?

    • under 1%
    • 1–3%
    • 3–8%
    • 8–20%
    • 20% and over
    This painting alone has too few recorded visitors to map, so the plate reads every work by Sir Sidney Robert Nolan over the last twelve months — 4 countries in all. Where these figures come from

    The ten leading countries

    1. 1 China 86.7%
    2. 2 Kazakhstan 6.7%
    3. 3 United Kingdom 3.3%
    4. 4 United States of America 3.3%

    Find the three darkest countries on the map. Is the museum that keeps this painting in any of them? Write down one reason people far away might look at it.

    The 20 most looked-at works by Sir Sidney Robert Nolan

    1. 1 Central Australia this painting 14.7%
    2. 2 Sir Richard and Lady Devine 8.8%
    3. 3 Steve Hart 5.9%
    4. 4 Death of Captain Fraser 5.9%
    5. 5 Kelly and horse 5.9%
    6. 6 Untitled 5.9%
    7. 7 Ern Malley, 1973 2.9%
    8. 8 Central Australia, 1949 2.9%
    9. 9 Policeman in wombat hole 2.9%
    10. 10 Durack Ranges, 1950 2.9%
    11. 11 Glenrowan 2.9%
    12. 12 Kelly 2.9%
    13. 13 Rimbaud 2.9%
    14. 14 Kelly and horse 2.9%
    15. 15 Return to Glenrowan 2.9%
    16. 16 Rimbaud and his brother in a boat as boys 2.9%
    17. 17 Kelly and Sergeant Kennedy 2.9%
    18. 18 Rimbaud on his litter 2.9%
    19. 19 Camel and Figure, 1966 2.9%
    20. 20 Antarctica, 1964 2.9%

    Together these works take 87.7% of all the attention this artist's paintings received over the last twelve months. The catalogue holds 57 works by this artist, of which 24 were looked at at least once. This painting ranks 1 of them, with 14.7% of that attention. The same counts, month by month

    Bars measure attention, not quality. Pick the work at the top and this one: name one thing that might make a painting famous beyond how well it is painted.

    About this artwork

    Central Australia — Sir Sidney Robert Nolan

    Central Australia - Sir Sidney Robert Nolan: A Mythic Landscape

    Sir Sidney Robert Nolan (1917–1992) stands as an undisputed titan of Australian art, his legacy cemented by the iconic Ned Kelly paintings and a singular vision that transformed landscape depiction into a profound exploration of national identity. His artistic journey began far from the polished halls of academia; instead, he emerged from the gritty streets of St Kilda with an unyielding spirit fueled by unconventional influences – the rebellious verses of Rimbaud, the geometric breakthroughs of Cézanne, and the raw emotive power of Danila Vassilieff – yet forged a style undeniably his own. This distinctive approach wasn’t merely about capturing scenery; it was about distilling Australia's history, mythology, and psychological complexities into visual symbols that continue to resonate today.

    From his early days as a runner for an illegal betting ring to his eventual recognition on the international stage, Nolan’s life mirrored this restless energy. He absorbed artistic ideas from diverse sources – Picasso’s cubism challenged conventional perspective, Klee's playful abstraction embraced spontaneity – yet retained a core aesthetic rooted in Australian sensibilities. This fusion resulted in canvases that are simultaneously monumental and intimate, conveying both grandeur and vulnerability.

    Style: Nolan’s distinctive style is characterized by bold abstraction combined with emotive exploration of Australian identity. He rejected representational accuracy for symbolic expression, prioritizing mood and atmosphere over precise detail.

    Technique: Primarily employing oil paint on hardboard, Nolan utilized a technique known as “drybrush,” applying thin layers of pigment to create textured surfaces that evoke the harshness and beauty of the Australian desert. This method lends itself particularly well to capturing the undulating contours of mountains and conveying a sense of movement within static compositions.

    Historical Context: Nolan’s work emerged during Australia's postwar modernist period, influenced by European avant-garde movements but firmly grounded in Indigenous Australian artistic traditions. He sought to grapple with themes of colonialism, dispossession, and the enduring spirit of the Outback—subjects that continue to provoke debate and admiration.

    “Central Australia,” created in 1968, exemplifies Nolan’s masterful ability to distill complex ideas into striking visual forms. The painting depicts a vast desert plain dominated by towering mountains under an expansive sky – a scene directly inspired by the Burke and Wills expedition, a pivotal moment in Australian exploration history. Nolan deliberately eschewed realistic depiction, opting instead for a stylized representation that prioritizes emotional impact over factual accuracy. The jagged peaks of the Durack Ranges pierce through the turbulent azure expanse, conveying both vulnerability and resilience—a visual metaphor for Australia’s enduring spirit amidst environmental challenges.

    Symbolism: Nolan's use of color is particularly noteworthy. Dominant shades of ochre and crimson evoke the arid landscape and symbolize the fiery passion of Aboriginal culture. The scattered figures within the painting represent explorers, settlers, and perhaps even humanity itself confronting the immensity of nature—underscoring themes of isolation, perseverance, and the relationship between humans and their environment.

    Emotional Impact: “Central Australia” transcends mere landscape representation; it’s a visceral experience for the viewer. Nolan's masterful brushwork captures the drama of light and shadow, creating an atmosphere that is both unsettling and sublime—a testament to his ability to convey profound psychological states through visual imagery. It invites contemplation on themes of grandeur, vulnerability, and the enduring legacy of Australia’s pioneering spirit.

    Provenance: The painting was exhibited at Johannesburg's Pieter Wenning Gallery in 1976 and subsequently acquired by a private collection in England.

    Dimensions: Measuring 92 x 121 cm (approximately 36.6 x 48 inches), “Central Australia” commands attention with its scale and ambition.

    This artwork is available as a high-quality reproduction at AllPaintingsStore. Explore the captivating beauty of Nolan’s vision—a timeless masterpiece that embodies the spirit of Australian art history.

    Artist and museum

    Artist

    Sir Sidney Robert Nolan

    Born in Melbourne, Australia

    A Life Painted in Myth and Landscape

    Sir Sidney Robert Nolan, born in Melbourne in 1917, stands as a monumental figure in 20th-century Australian art. His journey was not one of conventional artistic training but rather an explosive emergence from the working-class streets of St Kilda into a world of vibrant imagination and relentless experimentation. Nolan wasn’t simply a painter; he was a visual storyteller, a mythmaker who wrestled with Australia's history, its landscapes, and its very identity. From his early days as a runner for an illegal betting ring to his eventual acclaim on the international stage, Nolan’s life was marked by a restless energy and a refusal to be confined by artistic norms. He absorbed influences from diverse sources – the poetry of Rimbaud, the spatial innovations of Cézanne, the raw emotion of Danila Vassilieff – yet forged a style uniquely his own, one that resonated with a distinctly Australian sensibility. His early exposure to the harsh realities of Melbourne life and the allure of its underbelly would profoundly shape his artistic vision, imbuing his work with a sense of both defiance and vulnerability.

    The Shaping of an Iconoclast

    Nolan’s formative years were steeped in intellectual ferment. The Heide Circle, centered around patrons John and Sunday Reed, proved pivotal. This haven for artists and writers fostered a spirit of radical experimentation and provided Nolan with crucial support during his developing phase. It was at Heide that he encountered kindred spirits – Albert Tucker, Joy Hester, Arthur Boyd – all grappling with the challenge of creating a distinctly Australian modernism. The influence of modernist literature, particularly the Symbolist poets, cannot be overstated. Rimbaud’s call for a “systematic derangement of the senses” became a guiding principle for Nolan, liberating him from representational constraints and encouraging him to explore the emotional power of color, form, and symbolism. His early works demonstrate this influence, often featuring fragmented figures and dreamlike landscapes that hint at deeper psychological truths. He wasn’t interested in merely depicting reality; he sought to capture its essence, its underlying emotions, and its hidden narratives. This period also saw Nolan experimenting with various media, from stage design for the Ballet Russes to commercial art, each experience contributing to his growing technical prowess and artistic vocabulary.

    Ned Kelly and the Australian Myth

    While Nolan’s oeuvre is remarkably diverse, he is perhaps best known for his series of paintings depicting Ned Kelly, the infamous Australian bushranger. This wasn't simply a historical retelling; it was a profound exploration of Australian identity, lawlessness, and the romanticized figure of the outlaw. Nolan stripped away the conventional heroic imagery associated with Kelly, presenting him as an enigmatic, almost spectral presence encased in iconic armor. The flattened planes of color, the stark contrasts, and the simplified forms create a powerful visual statement that transcends mere representation. The Ned Kelly series became a defining moment in Australian art, transforming the bushranger from a historical figure into a national symbol. It sparked debate, challenged conventional narratives, and forced Australians to confront their complex relationship with their past. Beyond Kelly, Nolan repeatedly returned to themes drawn from Australian history and folklore – The First Fleet, The Burke and Wills Expedition – each series imbued with his signature blend of poetic intensity and historical awareness.

    A Prolific and Restless Vision

    Nolan’s artistic output was astonishingly prolific, spanning painting, sculpture, ceramics, stage design, and even opera sets. He refused to be pigeonholed, constantly reinventing his style and exploring new avenues of expression. His landscapes, often stark and desolate, capture the vastness and harsh beauty of the Australian outback. Works like “Antarctica” demonstrate his ability to convey a sense of isolation and existential unease through minimalist forms and evocative color palettes. He traveled extensively throughout his life – Europe, Africa, America – each journey informing his art with new perspectives and influences. His later works often reflect a more introspective mood, grappling with themes of mortality, memory, and the search for meaning. Despite achieving international recognition, Nolan remained deeply connected to Australia, viewing his art as a means of understanding and interpreting its unique character. He received numerous accolades throughout his career, including appointments as an Officer of the Order of Merit (OM), a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC), and a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE).

    Legacy and Enduring Influence

    Sir Sidney Nolan’s impact on Australian art is undeniable. He challenged conventional artistic norms, embraced experimentation, and created a body of work that continues to resonate with audiences today. His bold depictions of Ned Kelly have become iconic images, instantly recognizable as symbols of Australia's rebellious spirit and complex history. His influence can be seen in the work of countless contemporary artists, who continue to draw inspiration from his innovative techniques and his commitment to exploring Australian identity. Nolan’s paintings are held in major museums and collections around the world, ensuring that his legacy will endure for generations to come. To explore more of his artwork, platforms like AllPaintingsStore offer a wide range of reproductions, allowing art lovers to experience the power and beauty of his vision firsthand. He left behind not just a collection of paintings but a new way of seeing Australia – a land of myth, mystery, and enduring artistic potential.

    Museum

    Canberra Museum and Gallery

    On show in Canberra, Australia

    A Sanctuary of Storytelling in the Heart of the Capital

    Nestled within the vibrant pulse of Australia's capital, the

    Canberra Museum and Gallery

    serves much more than a mere repository for artifacts; it is a living, breathing chronicle of place, people, and the profound evolution of a nation. To step through its doors is to enter a curated dialogue between the ancient past and the unfolding future. The museum operates with a unique dual identity, acting simultaneously as a guardian of historical memory and a dynamic stage for contemporary artistic expression. For the art lover, it offers a sanctuary where the tangible remnants of history meet the ephemeral beauty of modern installation, creating an immersive experience that resonates long after one has departed its halls.

    The architecture of the museum reflects this very duality, offering a sophisticated space where the structural permanence of a gallery meets the fluid energy of a community hub. It is a place designed for contemplation and discovery, where light and shadow play across curated displays to evoke the rugged landscapes and urban complexities of the Australian Capital Territory. For interior designers and collectors seeking inspiration, the museum provides a masterclass in how narrative can be woven into physical space, demonstrating how objects—whether they be delicate indigenous carvings or bold contemporary paintings—can transform an environment into a vessel for storytelling.

    A Tapestry of Local Significance and Cultural Depth

    The collection itself is a breathtaking tapestry of local significance, highlighting the intricate relationship between the land and its inhabitants. Visitors are often moved by the profound depth of the museum's holdings, which range from significant

    Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

    cultural items to the poignant records of Canberra’s rapid urban development. The highlights of the permanent collection are not merely objects to be viewed, but voices to be heard; each piece carries the weight of its origin, inviting a deep emotional connection. This seamless blend of ethnographic importance and aesthetic brilliance ensures that every exhibition feels like an intimate encounter with the soul of the region.

    Beyond the historical artifacts, the museum serves as a vital platform for the visual arts, where the textures of the earth meet the sharp lines of modernism. The curation invites a sensory journey through the following elements:

    Cultural Heritage:

    A profound exploration of Indigenous legacies and their enduring presence in the Australian landscape.

    Urban Evolution:

    A captivating look at the transformation of Canberra from a planned capital to a bustling metropolitan center.

    Contemporary Dialogue:

    An ever-changing landscape of modern installations that challenge the viewer's perception of space and medium.

    The Pulse of the Contemporary Moment

    What truly distinguishes the Canberra Museum and Gallery is its commitment to the

    "now."

    The museum is renowned for hosting rotating exhibitions that challenge perceptions, often featuring avant-garde works that push the boundaries of medium and meaning. These temporary showcases bring a sense of urgency and freshness to the institution, ensuring that the museum remains a vital participant in the global art conversation. It is this constant state of renewal—this rhythmic pulse of historical reverence and contemporary provocation—that makes the museum an essential pilgrimage for anyone captivated by the transformative power of art and history.

    Where to read more

    Find this online

    QR code linking to the download page for Central Australia

    topimpressionists.com/en/art/download/sir-sidney-robert-nolan-central-australia-D9APJF-en/

    Cite this artwork

    MLA
    Nolan, Sir Sidney Robert. Central Australia. n.d., Canberra Museum and Gallery. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/sir-sidney-robert-nolan-central-australia-D9APJF-en/
    APA
    Nolan, Sir Sidney Robert (n.d.). Central Australia [Painting]. Canberra Museum and Gallery. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/sir-sidney-robert-nolan-central-australia-D9APJF-en/
    Chicago
    Sir Sidney Robert Nolan. Central Australia. n.d. Canberra Museum and Gallery. https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/sir-sidney-robert-nolan-central-australia-D9APJF-en/
    Harvard
    Nolan, Sir Sidney Robert (n.d.) Central Australia. Canberra Museum and Gallery. Available at: https://topimpressionists.com/en/art/sir-sidney-robert-nolan-central-australia-D9APJF-en/

    Look closely

    Central Australia — Sir Sidney Robert Nolan

    Look closely

    Answer in your own words. There are no wrong answers here — only answers you can explain.

    1. What catches your eye first, and why?
    2. Which colours or shapes create the mood — and what is that mood?
    3. Our catalogue files this work under: landscape painting, australian identity, mythology. Do you agree? What would you add, or take away?
    4. Look back at Ern Malley (1973), earlier in this guide. Name two things it shares with this work, and one that is different.
    5. Themes that come back through the work of Sir Sidney Robert Nolan: mythology, landscape abstraction, burke wills expedition. Which of them do you see here?

    Your response

    Write a short paragraph about this artwork. Use the facts from the earlier parts of this guide, and your answers above.

    Art quiz

    Central Australia — Sir Sidney Robert Nolan

    How well do you know this artwork?

    Tick one answer for each of the 5 questions below. Each has exactly one correct answer.

    1. 1. What is the primary subject matter of Sir Sidney Robert Nolan’s painting ‘Central Australia’?

      • A A portrait of a prominent Australian explorer.
      • B A depiction of Aboriginal ceremonial rituals.
      • C A vast landscape featuring mountains and desert plains.
    2. 2. The painting utilizes a distinctive artistic style characterized by:

      • A Detailed realism capturing minute details of the Australian flora.
      • B Strict geometric forms emphasizing spatial relationships.
      • C Impressionistic brushstrokes blending colors to convey mood.
    3. 3. Which artist significantly influenced Nolan's approach to landscape representation?

      • A Vincent van Gogh
      • B Claude Monet
      • C Paul Cézanne
    4. 4. What is the overarching theme conveyed by Nolan’s depiction of the Australian outback?

      • A A celebration of Aboriginal culture and traditions.
      • B An exploration of Australia's history and identity.
      • C A commentary on the challenges faced by settlers in a harsh environment.
    5. 5. The painting’s sky appears to be:

      • A Dark grey, reflecting the somber mood of the landscape.
      • B Bright blue and cloudless, creating a serene atmosphere.
      • C Turbulent and stormy, mirroring the harsh conditions of the desert.

    My score: ____ out of 5

    Answer key — for the teacher

    This starts a fresh printed page, so it can simply be left out of the copies.

    1C · 2B · 3C · 4B · 5C

    Check any answer against the catalogue record for this painting

    Questions & Answers

    Does "Central Australia" by Sir Sidney Robert Nolan use strong contrasts or soft harmonies?

    The color composition of "Central Australia" by Sir Sidney Robert Nolan combines a balanced contrast with a strong color unity harmony.

    What mood does "Central Australia" by Sir Sidney Robert Nolan express within Modernist?

    "Central Australia" carries a reflective emotional tone within the Modernist movement.

    What shape and dimensions is "Central Australia" by Sir Sidney Robert Nolan?

    "Central Australia" by Sir Sidney Robert Nolan is proportioned as a landscape work of 91 x 122 cm.