stevens began his artistic journey at the académie royale des beaux-arts in brussels, where he studied under the guidance of françois navez, a neo-classical painter. in 1843, he moved to paris, joining his brother joseph, and was admitted to the école des beaux-arts. although it is disputed whether he became a student of jean auguste dominique ingres, stevens' early work, such as the pardon or absolution (hermitage, st. petersburg), signed and dated 1849, showcases his mastery of conventional naturalistic style, influenced by 17th-century dutch genre painting.
rise to prominence
stevens' work was first publicly exhibited in 1851 at the brussels salon, earning him a third-class medal at the paris salon in 1853 and a second-class medal at the universal exposition in paris in 1855. his painting ce qu'on appelle le vagabondage (musée d'orsay, paris) caught the attention of napoleon iii, leading to a significant change in the treatment of the poor.
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