early life and education yedikuleli seyyid abdullah efendi, a renowned ottoman master calligrapher, was born in 1670 in istanbul, turkey. his father, seyyid hasan el-hashimi, was the imam of imrahor mosque. abdullah's family had a strong background in calligraphy, and he was destined to follow in their footsteps. abdullah studied calligraphy with the great master hâfiz osman, who improved the script and developed a layout template for…