The History of Petworth House
Petworth House is a late 17th-century Grade I listed country house situated in the parish of Petworth, West Sussex, England. The current structure was built in 1688 by Charles Seymour, the 6th Duke of Somerset. This building replaced an earlier manor house and was designed to reflect the architectural ambitions of the era. The house served as the southern home for the Percy family, the earls of Northumberland, for many generations.
The ownership of the estate transitioned through several prominent families, including the Wyndham family. In 1947, Charles Wyndham, the 3rd Baron Leconfield, handed the house over to the nation. Since that time, the property has been managed by the National Trust as Petworth House & Park. The house remains a significant site for the preservation of the collections assembled by its former residents.
The Architecture and Building Style
The current structure of Petworth House is a product of the late 17th century, having been rebuilt between 1688 and 1702. Designed in the Baroque style, the house was inspired by the grand palaces of Europe, emphasizing order and symmetry. This architectural character is further defined by the intricate wood-carvings of Grinling Gibbons, whose work remains integrated into the interior fabric. The house underwent significant alterations during the 1870s under the direction of the architect Anthony Salvin.
The interior spaces reflect various periods of architectural development and refinement. The North Gallery was added to the house between 1824 and 1825. In the Saloon, the floor is covered by an Axminster carpet featuring a design by Robert Adam. These elements contribute to the layered history of the building, where Baroque foundations meet later Victorian and Regency additions.
The Grand Art Collection
The collection comprises fine art spanning several centuries, held within the house in its original context. The assembly includes significant portraiture and works across various genres, from formal portraiture to landscape paintings. These holdings are integrated into the architectural fabric of the rooms, contributing to the established character of the interior spaces.
The grand state rooms contain works by artists such as Anthony van Dyck, J. M. W. Turner, Joshua Reynolds, and Thomas Gainsborough. The selection includes paintings by Titian and William Blake, alongside works by John Constable. These pieces remain largely in the rooms where they were once displayed alongside the furniture and decorative objects that accompanied them.
- The Right Honourable George Grenville, 1767 - Joshua Reynolds
- Macbeth and the Witches, 1786 - Joshua Reynolds
- A Vision of the Last Judgment, 1808 - William Blake
- Cattle at a Fountain, 1786 - Thomas Gainsborough
- Jessica, 1828 - J. M. W. Turner
- An Unknown Cardinal, 1545 - Titian
Masterpieces of the Collection
The assembly of paintings within the house reflects the long-standing patronage of the Northumberland and Seymour/Somerset families. Significant portraiture by Anthony van Dyck is integrated into the architectural fabric of the rooms, including depictions of King Charles I on horseback and Lady Dorothy Percy. These works remain in their original context, preserved alongside the furniture and decorative objects that once accompanied them. Titian is also represented by works such as an unknown cardinal and an unknown man in a black plumed hat.
The landscape and figurative traditions are represented by several key artists. Thomas Gainsborough’s Rocky Wooded Landscape with Rustic Lovers by a Pool, painted about 1774–1777, was acquired by the 3rd Earl of Egremont. J. M. W. Turner’s landscapes are also held here, many of which were inspired by the views within the surrounding parkland. Joshua Reynolds contributed several portraits to the collection, including Macbeth and the Witches and Charity. The collection also contains works by William Blake, such as A Vision of the Last Judgment.
- The Right Honourable George Grenville, 1767 - Joshua Reynolds
- Cattle at a Fountain, 1786 - Thomas Gainsborough
- Jessica, 1828 - J. M. W. Turner
- A Scene from 'The Wife of Bath's Tale', 1812 - Henry Fuseli
The Expansive Deer Park
The 700-acre deer park surrounding the house was landscaped by Capability Brown. This landscape was later immortalised in the paintings of J. M. W. Turner. The terrain features a 12-acre woodland garden known as the Pleasure Ground. Within these grounds, visitors may find a Doric temple and an Ionic rotunda.
A large herd of fallow deer inhabits the parkland. There are over 700 fallow deer to observe across the estate. The parkland remains a central feature of the Petworth landscape.