Realist, master by master
Among the Realist художники, Гюстав Курбе (1819–1877) holds the first place, celebrated for Зустріч або Добрий день, містере Курбе та Походження світу. Жан-Франсуа Мілле, Ґергард Ріхтер, Вінслов Гомер та Едвард Гоппер follow. The catalogue spans 100 masters, from Жак Лоран Агассе (born 1767) to Петер Дойг (born 1959), across 32 countries.
About this catalogue. This catalogue gathers the artists whose works our collection records as Realist, ordered by our fame ranking. Artists born after 1955 with no Wikidata record await verification. Beside each name, the number of our 32 languages in which Wikipedia devotes an article to the artist.
The collection in brief
Master by master
2of 100
Француз Born in Гревіль-Аг Реалізм, Бабізонська школа Wikipedia, 30 of 32 languages
4of 100
Американець Born in Бостон Американський реалізм Wikipedia, 24 of 32 languages
6of 100
Француз Born in Ла-Рошель Академічний реалізм Wikipedia, 29 of 32 languages
7of 100
Мексиканець Born in Ґуанахуато Мексиканський муралізм, Соціальний реалізм Wikipedia, 31 of 32 languages
8of 100
Росіянин українського походження Born in Чугуїв Реалізм Wikipedia, 32 of 32 languages
9of 100
Француз Born in Марсель Реалізм, Сатира Wikipedia, 29 of 32 languages
He was also a dedicated painter and sculptor, though recognition for these works came later in his life. His paintings, often depicting scenes of everyday Parisian existence – the cramped third-class carriages, the weary laundresses, the pompous lawyers – are imbued with an extraordinary sense of realism and empathy. He bridged the gap between Romanticism and Realism, laying the groundwork for future generations of artists who sought to depict the world with unflinching honesty.
10of 100
Швед Born in Стокгольм Мистецтво та ремесла (Arts and Crafts) Wikipedia, 28 of 32 languages
The Old Man and the New Trees (1883).
11of 100
Росіянин Born in Єлабуга Реалізм, Передвижники Wikipedia, 30 of 32 languages
14of 100
Мексиканський Born in Чіуауа Соціалізм Реалізм, Мюралізм Wikipedia, 24 of 32 languages
His upbringing amidst anarchist circles exposed him to radical ideologies, shaping his worldview and propelling him toward artistic experimentation that prioritized political engagement. The infamous “open-air academy” – a bold assertion against academic dogma – symbolized Siqueiros’s refusal to accept established norms and cemented his commitment to forging his own path as an artist. The Academy of San Carlos proved crucial in honing his technical skills while simultaneously fostering his rebellious spirit.
15of 100
Німецький Born in Олесниця Капіталістична реалізм; Ніо-експресіонізм Wikipedia, 22 of 32 languages
16of 100
Німецький Born in Вроцлав Реалізм Wikipedia, 24 of 32 languages
While largely self-taught, Menzel was not immune to artistic influences. He admired the Dutch Masters—their mastery of light and shadow, their ability to elevate everyday life to artful significance—and elements of this influence can be seen in his compositions and use of color.
17of 100
Португалька Born in Лісабон Сюрреалізм, експресіонізм, феміністичне мистецтво Wikipedia, 18 of 32 languages
18of 100
Американець Born in Філадельфія Реалізм Wikipedia, 24 of 32 languages
19of 100
Француз Born in Гренобль Реалізм та символізм Wikipedia, 25 of 32 languages
20of 100
Французька Born in Бордо Реалізм, Живопис тварин Wikipedia, 24 of 32 languages
She eschewed sentimentality, opting instead for a scientific approach to her subjects. Her paintings are characterized by their anatomical accuracy, dynamic compositions, and an ability to capture the unique personality of each creature. Beyond her artistic contributions, Bonheur's life story serves as a powerful example of female empowerment and artistic independence.
21of 100
Мексиканський Born in Місто Гузмана Мексиканський муралізм Wikipedia, 25 of 32 languages
Recognizing this conviction, he pursued formal training at the Academy of San Carlos in 1906, encountering David Alfaro Siqueiros—another student who would become a lifelong collaborator and fellow champion of Mexican muralism. This environment solidified Orozco’s dedication to artistic expression as a tool for advancing progressive ideals.
22of 100
Іспанець Born in Томельйосо Реалізм / Хіперреалізм Wikipedia, 14 of 32 languages
23of 100
Індійський Born in Кілманоор Академічний та індыйський синтез Wikipedia, 22 of 32 languages
Born on April 29, 1848, in the opulent confines of Kilimanoor Palace near Trivandrum, Kerala, his life unfolded as a remarkable synthesis of aristocratic privilege and an innate artistic spirit. His uncle, Raja Raja Varma, a respected artist himself, nurtured young Ravi’s talent, introducing him to the fundamentals of drawing and painting within the established Tanjore School framework. Museums like The Raja Ravi Varma Heritage Foundation in Bangalore and The Ganesh Shivaswamy Foundation preserve and celebrate his art, ensuring that his vision endures for future generations.
25of 100
Росія Born in Лоп'ял Національно-романтичний стиль Wikipedia, 29 of 32 languages
26of 100
Фiнський Born in Порі Нацiональний романтизм Wikipedia, 26 of 32 languages
27of 100
Росіянин Born in Острогозьк Реалізм Wikipedia, 28 of 32 languages
28of 100
Росіянин Born in Череповець Передвижники Wikipedia, 28 of 32 languages
29of 100
Південноафриканська Born in Кейптаун Романтизм Wikipedia, 16 of 32 languages
Marlene Dumas була представлена престижною галереєю David Zwirner з 2008 року і продовжує виставлятися міжнародно, надихаючи нове покоління художників. Його спадок полягає в тому, що вона створила творби, які є одночасно глибоко особистими та універсально резонують – картини, що кидають виклик нашим власним вразливостям, бажанням і упередженням.
30of 100
Американський Born in Колумбус Реалізм, Ashcan School Wikipedia, 17 of 32 languages
Both Members of This Club (1909) – Світова робота, що зображує атмосферу боксерського клубу. Stag at Sharkey’s (1909) – Ще одна ікона, яка зображує боксерський матч, відома своїм драматичним освітленням та композицією. Men of the Docks (1912) – Потужне зображення робітничого класу, яке демонструє майстерність Беллоуса у передачі фізичності та текстури.
31of 100
Німецько-американська Born in Нюрнберг Мінімалізм, Фігуративна скульптура Wikipedia, 17 of 32 languages
«Марія Магдалина» (199ття), скульптура, виготовлена з силіконової бронзи та кованої сталі, уособлює її здатність переосмислювати класичну іконографію крізь сучасну призму. Відкрита анатомія фігури та вразлива постава кидають виклик традиційним репрезентаціям святої, запрошуючи глядачів замислитися над темами гріха, спокути та жіночої суб'єктності.
Principal works · The hundred celebrated works
32of 100
Російський/Український/Грецький Born in Маріупольський повіт Реалізм, Імпресіонізм Wikipedia, 27 of 32 languages
Furthermore, Kuindzhi was influenced by several key artistic movements and figures. His early work shows traces of Ivan Aivazovsky’s marine realism, while his later paintings reflect elements of Impressionism and Symbolism. The influence of Caspar David Friedrich, a German Romantic landscape painter known for his evocative depictions of nature, is also evident in Kuindzhi's use of dramatic lighting and atmospheric perspective.
33of 100
Бразилець Born in Бродовскі Неореалізм Wikipedia, 19 of 32 languages
34of 100
Російський Born in Тобольськ Реалізм Wikipedia, 28 of 32 languages
Instead, he chose to focus on the lives of those often overlooked – peasants, laborers, the marginalized, and the forgotten souls inhabiting the fringes of 19th-century Russia. Works like “The Last Journey,” depicting a peasant funeral procession, and "Troika: Apprentice Workmen Carrying Water" are poignant examples of his ability to evoke profound emotional responses through realistic portrayals of everyday life. Vasily Perov's untimely death from tuberculosis in 1882 at the age of 48 marked a significant loss for Russian art.
35of 100
Російська Born in Кібартай Настроєний ландшафт Wikipedia, 25 of 32 languages
36of 100
Російський Born in Санкт-Петербург Імпресіонізм, модерн Wikipedia, 27 of 32 languages
While he continued to receive commissions from Russia’s aristocracy – portraits of Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich, S.M. From 1900 onwards, Serov’s work began to reflect a growing engagement with modernism, though he never fully abandoned his commitment to realism. Serov’s early period is marked by an extraordinary sensitivity to light and atmosphere, evident in works like Girl with Peaches (1887) and Girl Covered by the Sun (1888).
37of 100
Француз Born in Нант Імпресіонізм, Реалізм, Японізм Wikipedia, 26 of 32 languages
(також відомий як Молода жінка в червоній куртці) — Музей д'Орсе, Париж. Цікава історія — Національна галерея Вікторії, Мельбурн. Гра в схованки — Національна галерея мистецтв, Вашингтон. Фараон і його мертвий син — Єврейський музей, Нью-Йорк.
39of 100
Данський Born in Ставанґер Реалізм, Імпресіонізм Wikipedia, 24 of 32 languages
He tirelessly pursued artistic endeavors until his untimely death in 1909 at Skagen, leaving behind a rich artistic legacy.
40of 100
Бельгійський Born in Еттербек Соціалістичний реалізм Wikipedia, 16 of 32 languages
43of 100
Фінська Born in Порвоо Реалізм Wikipedia, 25 of 32 languages
Louis Pasteur dans son laboratoire de l (1886).
44of 100
Франція Born in Ліон Академізм Wikipedia, 23 of 32 languages
46of 100
Російський, Український Born in Воронеж Реалізм, Символізм Wikipedia, 20 of 32 languages
47of 100
French Born in Дьєз Realism Wikipedia, 20 of 32 languages
Recognizing his burgeoning artistic aptitude, Devilly championed Friant's ambition to dedicate himself entirely to painting—encouraging him to prioritize observation and meticulous detail—techniques that would become hallmarks of Friant’s oeuvre. His formative friendships with fellow artists—Aimé Morot, Victor Prouvé, and Jules Bastien-Lepage—established during this period solidified his connection to the avant-garde currents circulating within Parisian intellectual circles. Émile Friant’s artistic legacy rests firmly on his unwavering commitment to realism—a style he embraced while simultaneously transcending its constraints—resulting in a distinctive voice that resonated throughout the late nineteenth century and into the early twentieth.
48of 100
Американський Born in Утрехт Лумiнізм, Реалізм Wikipedia, 22 of 32 languages
Order No. 11: Illustrates the complexities of interactions between settlers and Native Americans.
49of 100
Born in Байонна Wikipedia, 23 of 32 languages
His early life took an interesting turn when his family moved to Madrid in 1846, where his father established a bookshop. While assisting in the shop, he diligently copied engravings of works by Old Masters, fostering a deep passion for drawing and laying the foundation for his future career.
50of 100
Француз Born in Севр Барбізонська школа Wikipedia, 20 of 32 languages
Inspired by Paulus Potter's iconic "Young Bull" and the monumental canvases of Cuyp and Rembrandt, Troyon experienced a profound revelation: he discovered his true vocation within animal painting. A pivotal moment arrived during Troyon’s visit to the Netherlands in 1846 – a journey that irrevocably altered the trajectory of his artistic career.
51of 100
Born in Інс Wikipedia, 20 of 32 languages
«Портрет молодої дівчини» також демонструє його майстерність у змахуванні ніжних рис обличчя та передачі внутрішніх емоцій.
52of 100
Росіянин Born in Астрахань Реалізм, Ар-нуво Wikipedia, 24 of 32 languages
55of 100
Росіянин Born in Санкт-Петербург Передвижники Wikipedia, 22 of 32 languages
57of 100
Австрієць Born in Ізельсберг-Штронах Муніхська школа Wikipedia, 17 of 32 languages
58of 100
Російський Born in Москва Романтизм, Реалізм Wikipedia, 18 of 32 languages
59of 100
Фінська Born in Виборг ['Натуралізм', 'Реалізм'] Wikipedia, 17 of 32 languages
60of 100
Росій/Українська Born in Полтава Реалізм, Передвижники Wikipedia, 19 of 32 languages
61of 100
Російський Born in Москва Реалізм, Академізм Wikipedia, 22 of 32 languages
63of 100
Німецький Born in Шробенгаузен Портрет Wikipedia, 20 of 32 languages
During this period, he produced some of his most celebrated works, including portraits of prominent figures such as Pope Leo XIII, Otto von Bismarck, Richard Wagner, and Franz Liszt – each rendered with remarkable sensitivity and insight.
64of 100
Росіянин Born in Москва Ліричний пейзаж Wikipedia, 21 of 32 languages
68of 100
Грецький Born in Тінос Муніхська школа, Імпресіонізм Wikipedia, 20 of 32 languages
The family’s relocation to Athens in 1850 proved pivotal, opening doors to formal artistic training previously unavailable on Tinos. His cultural impact extends beyond the realm of painting; his iconic work The Secret School was featured on the reverse of the Greek 200 drachmas banknote (1996-2001), and the Athenian neighborhood Gyzi is named in his honor – a testament to his enduring legacy.
69of 100
Угорсько-словацький Born in Бецков (село) Імпресіонізм, Реалізм Wikipedia, 14 of 32 languages
Born into a noble family within the Kingdom of Hungary (now Slovakia), he inherited a legacy steeped in tradition but also burdened by the decline of aristocratic power. His upbringing was marked by travel – frequent visits to family estates, including the picturesque Strážky region, and journeys across Europe. His paintings are now housed in prominent museums across Hungary and Slovakia, including the Slovak National Gallery in Bratislava and the Hungarian National Gallery in Budapest.
70of 100
Нідерландський Born in Гронінген Гаазька школа, Реалізм Wikipedia, 16 of 32 languages
73of 100
Фінка Born in Ноормаркку Живопис реалізму Wikipedia, 15 of 32 languages
74of 100
Британська Born in Стретфорд Індустріальний живопис Wikipedia, 13 of 32 languages
75of 100
Поляк Born in Бочкі-Хелмонські Реалізм, позитивізм Wikipedia, 15 of 32 languages
77of 100
British Realistic Landscape Painting
John Arthur Fraser began his days in London, England, born on January 9th, 1838. His father, a tailor from Portsoy, Scotland, carried the political weight of the Chartist movement into their home, while his maternal grandparents had settled in Stanstead, Lower Canada, years earlier. His paintings of the Rockies, such as Fishing Camp, the Rockies, captured the heavy presence of mountains like Mt.
78of 100
Serbian Born in Orlovat Realism painting Wikipedia, 17 of 32 languages
His work remains a vital touchstone for understanding the social fabric of the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Balkans. Through his dedication to realism, he ensured that the faces, the traditions, and the very soul of Serbia would remain vibrantly alive for generations to come. His life, spanning nearly a century until his death in 1953, served as a living bridge between the traditionalist roots of the Balkans and the rigorous academic standards of the Western art world.
80of 100
Данська/Швейцарська Born in Сольо Реалізм, портрет Wikipedia, 15 of 32 languages
81of 100
грек Born in Хідіра Мюнхенська школа Wikipedia, 8 of 32 languages
82of 100
Росіянин Born in Москва Реалізм Wikipedia, 15 of 32 languages
83of 100
American Born in Норвіч Impressionism, Realism, Seascapes
Born in Norwich, Connecticut, his early life took him through the landscapes of Minnesota, where his family had moved following his father's appointment as a rector. Walden became a celebrated figure in the salons of Paris, earning medals and eventually being inducted into the French Legion of Honor.
86of 100
Російський Born in Москва Аналітична реалізм Wikipedia, 15 of 32 languages
87of 100
Нідерландська Born in Гронінген Марина (Морський живопис) Wikipedia, 14 of 32 languages
88of 100
Француз Born in Париж Реалізм Wikipedia, 14 of 32 languages
«Бретонки на Відпустку» (Музей Калусте Гульбенкіана, Лісабон) – передає атмосферу традиційного бретонського релігійного фестивалю. «Портрет Бретонської Дівчини» – демонструє його майстерність у портретній живописці та увагу до деталей. «Гамлет і Розкопувачі» (1883) – показує здатність зображувати драматичні сцени з літератури.
89of 100
He meticulously studied the works of artists like Gerard ter Borch and Gabriel Metsu, absorbing their techniques for depicting domestic interiors and everyday life. His initial success came with paintings exhibiting this influence, such as “The Pardon or Absolution” (1849).
90of 100
Німецько-американська Born in Бремен Дюссельдорфська школа, Школа річки Гудзон (під впливом)
91of 100
Danish Golden Age
His achievements, including receiving the prestigious Eckersberg Medal, reflect a career dedicated to the pursuit of visual truth through atmosphere.
94of 100
Німець Born in Волькенбург Імпресіонізм Wikipedia, 15 of 32 languages
95of 100
Вельш Born in Гейверфордвест Модернізм Wikipedia, 17 of 32 languages
The pivotal moment in John's artistic trajectory arrived with her move to Paris in 1903. She quickly found herself drawn into the orbit of Auguste Rodin, one of the most influential sculptors of his time. It wasn’t until after her passing – and following a memorial exhibition held in London in 1946 – that her artistic contributions began to be fully appreciated by the wider art world.
97of 100
Британський Born in Ліверпуль Соціалістичний реалізм Wikipedia, 11 of 32 languages
99of 100
Американський Born in Нідем Реалізм, ілюстрація Wikipedia, 15 of 32 languages
100of 100
Американский Born in Маттапойзетт Академическая классическая живопись Wikipedia, 17 of 32 languages
Born into a family steeped in seafaring tradition – his father was a surgeon practicing in Mattapoisett – Millet developed an early fascination with the natural world, particularly the sea. This formative encounter demonstrated Millet's ability to absorb influences from diverse sources, blending them into a cohesive artistic expression. Crucially, Millet’s exposure to John LaFarge at Trinity Church ignited his passion for large-scale decorative work, introducing him to the Beaux-Arts aesthetic and establishing a cornerstone of his artistic style.
Plates
Chronology
Notes and figures
| Франція | 19 |
|---|---|
| Росія | 16 |
| Сполучені Штати Америки | 8 |
| Німеччина | 6 |
| Сполучене Королівство | 6 |
| Мексика | 3 |
| Україна | 3 |
| Польща | 3 |
| 18th століття | 2 |
|---|---|
| 19th століття | 86 |
| 20th століття | 12 |
| Державна Третьяковська галерея | 11 |
|---|---|
| Музей д’Орсе | 9 |
| Art Institute of Chicago | 5 |
| Філадельфійський музей мистецтв | 4 |
| Метрополітен-музей | 4 |
| Музей образотв мистецтв | 3 |
| Державний російський музей | 3 |
| Баварські державні художні колекції | 3 |
Index of artists
The visitor asks
Гюстав Курбе (#1) is first in this ranking, followed by Жан-Франсуа Мілле (#2) and Ґергард Ріхтер (#3).
Гюстав Курбе (#1), Жан-Франсуа Мілле (#2), Ґергард Ріхтер (#3), Вінслов Гомер (#4) та Едвард Гоппер (#5).
Most художники in this list were born in the 19th століття (86 of 100), between 1767 and 1959 overall.
“Daumier’s technique was characterized by loose brushwork and dramatic lighting, anticipating some of the techniques later embraced by the Impressionists.” — from our biography of Оноре Дом'є (#9).
This list includes 8 women: Паула Рего (#17), Роза Бонер (#20), Марлен Дюма (#29), Кікі Сміт (#31), Аліса Нел (#38), Елін Даніельсон-Гамбогі (#73), Берта Вегманн (#80) та Гвен Джон (#95).
Москва: 5 of the художники in this list were born there.
The highest-ranked художники born in Росія are Шишкін Іван Іванович (#11), Васнецов Віктор Михайлович (#25), Крамськой Іван Миколайович (#27), Верещагін Василь Васильович (#28) та Перов Василь Григорович (#34).
The museums holding the most key works of this list are Державна Третьяковська галерея (11), Музей д’Орсе (9) та Art Institute of Chicago (5).
The highest-ranked художники born in Франція are Гюстав Курбе (#1), Жан-Франсуа Мілле (#2), Адольф Вільям Бугро (#6), Оноре Дом'є (#9) та Анрі Фантен-Латур (#19).
The highest-ranked living художники in this list are Ґергард Ріхтер (#3), Антоніо Лопес Гарсія (#22), Петер Дойг (#24), Марлен Дюма (#29) та Кікі Сміт (#31).
The earliest-born художник in this list is Жак Лоран Агассе (#96), born in 1767.
Our catalogue holds 20,627 works by these художники. Each one can be ordered as a hand-painted oil reproduction or a print.
Reading room
Further rooms