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Biografie umělce

Early Life and Influences

Born: Berlin, Germany (1913)
Died: 1985
Named after Meretlein from Gottfried Keller's "Green Henry."
Family moved to Delémont, Switzerland, due to her father’s military service during World War I.
Exposure to art and artists at a young age in Switzerland.
Inspired by her aunt, Ruth Wenger, and her modern lifestyle.
Influenced by Modernism, Expressionism, Fauvism, and Cubism.
Introduced to the writings of Carl Jung and began recording dreams, which became important sources for her art.
The work of Paul Klee significantly influenced her artistic development.

Career and Artistic Development

Moved to Paris in 1932 and attended the Académie de la Grande Chaumière.
Participated in Surrealist exhibitions starting in 1933, associating with André Breton, Man Ray, Max Ernst, and others.
First solo exhibition in Basel in 1936 at Galerie Schulthess.
Artistic block began in 1937 after initial success; destroyed much of her work during this period.
Returned to art in the 1950s, reverting to earlier styles and themes.

Major Works and Style

Object (Le Déjeuner en fourrure) (1936): Her most famous artwork – a teacup, saucer, and spoon covered in fur. This piece explores themes of female sexuality, luxury, and the objectification of women.
Her work often incorporated everyday objects arranged to evoke dreamlike or unsettling scenarios.
Explored themes of femininity, exploitation, and the subconscious through her paintings and sculptures.
Style characterized by a blend of Surrealism, Dada influences, and personal symbolism.

Historical Significance and Legacy

Considered a leading figure in the Surrealist movement.
Her work challenged conventional notions of art and gender roles.
Object (Le Déjeuner en fourrure) became an iconic symbol of 20th-century art, acquired by MoMA shortly after its creation.
Oppenheim's exploration of dreams, sexuality, and the subconscious continues to resonate with contemporary audiences.
Her later work emphasized personal freedom and the "androgyny of the mind."

Key Influences and Artistic Circle

Carl Jung: His theories on psychoanalysis and archetypes profoundly influenced her artistic themes and imagery.
Paul Klee: Inspired by his abstract style and exploration of color and form.
André Breton: A key figure in the Surrealist movement who encouraged and promoted her work.
Marcel Duchamp & Max Ernst: Their conceptual approach to art influenced her use of everyday objects.
Man Ray: Collaborated with Oppenheim on photographic works, including nude portraits.

Meret Oppenheim

Meret Oppenheim

1913 - 1985 , Germany

Rychlé informace o umělci

Full Name: Meret Elisabeth Oppenheim
Nationality: Swiss-German
Date Of Birth: 1913
Date Of Death: 1985
Place Of Birth: Berlin, Germany
Notable Artworks: ['Object (Le Déjeuner en fourrure)']
Artistic Movement Or Style: Surrealism
Artists Who Influenced This Artist:
- Paul Klee
- Carl Jung
- Marcel Duchamp
- Max Ernst
- André Breton