Famous Surrealist Artists: A Catalogue of 86 Masters

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Remedios Varo 1908–1963

Španjolska-Meksikačka Born in Anglès Para-surrealizam Wikipedia, 19 of 32 languages

U tišini svog studija, Remedios Varo radila je s pedantnošću koja je odražavala tehničke crteže njezinog oca, hidrauličnog inženjera. Njezin odgoj u Anglèsu, u Španjolskoj, pružio je temelj dualnosti. Putovala je svijetom s znatiželjnim okom, upijajući krajolike svojih čestih preseljenja i formalno obrazovanje koje je stekla na Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando u Madridu.

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Leonora Carrington 1917–2011

Britanska-Meksikačka Born in Clayton-le-Woods Surrealizam Wikipedia, 22 of 32 languages

Rođena kao Mary Leonora Carrington 1917. godine usred bujnih pejzaža Clayton Woodsa u Lancashireu, u Engleskoj, umjetnica koja će postati ključna figura surrealizma od najranijih je godina bila izuzetak. Izbacivanja iz dvije škole – uključujući New Hall School u Chelmsfordu – signalizirala su buntovničkička nastrojenja i odbijanje da je oblikuju konvencionalna normama.

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Yves Tanguy 1900–1955

Francuski-Amerikanac Born in Pariz Surrealizam Wikipedia, 26 of 32 languages

Ključni trenutak dogodio se 1923. godine kada je, vozeći autobus kroz Pariz, ugledao djela Giorgia de Chirica. Tanguyjev život odabrao je još jedan značajan preokret 1939. godine kada je pobjegao iz Europe sa svojom prvom ženom, Jeannette Ducrocq, bježeći od nadolazeće sjene Drugog svjetskog rata. Postao je naturalizirani državljanin SAD-a 1948. godine, na kraju se smjestivši u Woodbury, Connecticut.

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Dorothea Tanning 1910–2012

Američka Born in Galesburg Surrealizam Wikipedia, 20 of 32 languages

Dorothea Margaret Tanning, rođena 25. kolovoza 1910. u Galesburgu, Illinois, proistekla je iz loze švedskih imigranata, naslijedivši tihu čvrstinu koja će suptilno podupirati njezinu odvažnu, maštovitu umjetnost. Kratki boravak na Knox Collegeu u periodu 1928.–30. ustupio je mjesto privlačnosti Chicaga, a potom i, 1935. godine, vibrantnoj energiji New Yorka. Ključni trenutak stigao je 1936. godine s izložbom u Museum of Modern Art pod nazivom „Fantastic Art, Dada, and Surrealism“.

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Leonor Fini 1907–1996

Argentinska-talijanska Born in Buenos Aires Surrealizam Wikipedia, 16 of 32 languages

Rođena u Buenos Airesu 1907. godine, a odgajana usred promjenjivih pejzaža Trsta u Italiji, Leonor Fini bila je umjetnica čiji je život sam po sebi djelovao kao neprestani čin transformacije. Brzo se uronila u vibrantnu nadrealističku scenu, stežući prijateljstva s imenima kao što su Paul Éluard, Max Ernst (s kojim je imala značajnu ljubavnu vezu), Georges Bataille, Henri Cartier-Bresson, Picasso, André Pieyre de Mandiargues i Salvador Dalí.

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André Masson 1896–1987

Born in Balagny-sur-Thérain Wikipedia, 21 of 32 languages

André Aimé René Masson, rođen 4. siječnja 1896. godine u Balagny-sur-Thérainu u Francuskoj, bio je umjetnik čiji je životni put obilježila neprestana potraga za novim izražajnim oblicima i duboko uranjanje u svijet podsvijesti. U dobi od jedanaest godina upisuje se na Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts u Bruxellesu, pod mentorstvom Constant Montalda.

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Meret Oppenheim 1913–1985

Švicarsko-njemačka Born in Berlin Surrealizam Wikipedia, 18 of 32 languages

Meret Oppenheim rođena je 1913. godine u Berlinu, u Njemačkoj, a njezino ime, koje nosi duboku književnu notu, potječe od lika Meretlein iz djela Gottfrieda Kellera, "Zeleni Henry". Njezina umjetnička put zapravo je počela u sjeni velikih gradova i akademskih krugova, kada se 1932. godine preselila u Pariz kako bi pohađavala prestižnu Académie de la Grande Chaumière.

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Wifredo Lam 1902–1982

Kubanac Born in Sagua La Grande Surrealizam, kubizam Wikipedia, 16 of 32 languages

Wifredo Óscar de la Concepción Lam y Castilla, poznati jednostavno kao Wifredo Lam, bio je slikar koji je utjelovio složenost kulturnog identiteta 20. stoljeća. Rođen u Sagua La Grande, na Kubi, 1902. godine, njegovo je samo porijeklo govorilo o slojevitoj povijesti otoka – otac mu je bio potomak kineskih imigranih, dok su mu korijeni majke vodili prema španjolskim konquistadorima i afričkim robovima.

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Victor Brauner 1903–1966

Rumunsko-francuski Born in Piatra Neamț Surrealizam Wikipedia, 14 of 32 languages

Victor Brauner, rođen u Piatra Neamtu u Rumuniji 1903. godine, započeo je umjetničko putovanje duboko isprepleteno duhovnim strujama i nemirnim istraživanjem forme. Njegova prva solo izložba u Bukureštu 1924. godine u Mozart Galerijama signalizirala je dolazak jedinstvenog glasa, spremnog izazvati konvencionalna percepcija stvarnosti. Privlačnost Pariza pokazala se neodoljivom, te je Brauner svoje prvo putovanje tamo započeo 1925. godine, ponovno se vrativši 1927. godine.

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Roberto Matta 1911–2002

Čileanac Born in Santiago ['Surrealizam', 'Apstraktni ekspresionizam'] Wikipedia, 15 of 32 languages

Roberto Sebastián Antonio Matta Echaurren, poznatiji kao Roberto Matta, bio je litavski slikar i arhitekton, koji je ostavio neizbrisiv trag na apstraktni ekspresionizam i nadrealističku umjetnost. Put Roberto Matta do postajanja utjecatelnim umjetnikom započeo je kroz studij arhitekture na Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, gdje je diplomirao 1935. godine.

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Felix Nussbaum 1904–1944

Njemačko-židovski Born in Osnabrück Surrealizam, Nova objektivnost Wikipedia, 17 of 32 languages

Rođen u Osnabrücku, u Njemačkoj, 1904. godine, njegov se život odvijao pod okriljem uspona nacionalizma i eskalacije progona, što je kulminiralo užasima Holokausta. Nussbaumov umjetnički put započeo je formalnim studijama u Hamburgu i Berlinu 1920. godine, nastavljajući se odvijati onoliko dugo koliko su okolnosti to dopuštale. Njegovo rano djelo otkriva jasni dug postimpresionističkim majstorima, posebno Vincentu van Goghu i Henriju Rousseauu.

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Joseph Cornell 1903–1972

Born in Nyack Wikipedia, 14 of 32 languages

Joseph Cornell, rođen na Božićni dan 1903. godine u Nyacku, New York, ostaje jedna od najjedinstvenijih i duboko potresnih figura američke umjetnosti. Iako se uglavnom sam educirao, izloženost rastućem nadrealističkom pokretu u New Yorku tijekom 1930-ih pokazala je ključnom. Sanjiva logika i prihvaćanje iracionalnog koje su pronašli umjetnici poput Maxa Ernsta i René Magritte duboko su rezonirali s Cornellovom vlastitom sklonosti poetskom sklapanju.

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Ernst Fuchs 1930–2015

Austrijanac Born in Beč Fantastični realizam Wikipedia, 16 of 32 languages

Ernst Fuchs (1930. – 2015.) bio je mnogo više od običnog slikara; bio je multidisciplinarni vizionar koji je utkao niti kiparstva, arhitekture, glazbe i poezije kako bi stvorio jedinstven, halucinogen univerzum. Rođen u Beču tijekom razdoblja dubokih povijesnih tranzicija, Fuchs je iz ruševina poslijeratne ere izronio ne s očajem, već s neugasivom žudnjom za uzvišenim. Srž Fuchsovog nasljeđa leži u njegovoj ulozi temeljnog stupa Bečke škole fantastičnog realizma.

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Paul Delvaux 1897–1994

Belgijski Born in Wanze Nadrealizam Wikipedia, 24 of 32 languages

Paul Delvaux došao je na svijet 23. rujna 1897. godine u Antheit, mjestu unutar belgijske pokrajine Liège koje je od tada postalo dio Wanzea. Taj se pomak između provincialnog krajolika Liègea i urbanog središta Bruxellesa pretvorio u temeljni kontrast njegovim kasnijim, jedinstvenim opsesijama. Živio je dug život, ostavši aktivan u svojim umjetničkim težnjama sve do smrti 20. srpnja 1994. godine.

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Dora Maar 1907–1997

French Born in 6th arrondissement of Paris Surrealist Photography Wikipedia, 22 of 32 languages

Early Life and Artistic Beginnings: Born in Paris to a Croatian architect father and a French mother, Maar’s early years were spent in Buenos Aires. She began her artistic journey formally at the École de Beaux-Arts and the Académie Julian in Paris, honing her skills in painting before gravitating towards photography. Following her introduction to Pablo Picasso in 1935, she became deeply involved in leftist groups like “masses” and the Union of Intellectuals against Fascism, reflecting a commitment to social justice that permeated much of her work.

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Elsa Schiaparelli 1890–1973

Talijanka Born in Rim Surrealistička moda

Elsa Luisa Maria Schiaparelli, ime koje je postalo sinonim za odvažan stil i nadrealističku inovaciju, nepovratno je izmijenila pejzaž mode 20. stoljeća. Njezin otac, Celestino Schiaparelli, poznati znanstvenik islamskih studija i sanskrita, njegovo je okruženje obogatio bogatstvom učenja, dok je njezin ujak, astronom Giovanni Schiaparelli – proslavljen zbog svojih promatranja martovskih "kanala" – u njoj probudio doživotnu fascinaciju kosmosom i nekonvencionalnim.

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Paul Nash 1889–1946

Britanac Born in Kensington Surrealizam, Modernizam

Obrazovanje: Pohađao je Parsons School of Art, a kasnije i Slade School of Fine Art. Surrealističke težnje: Iako nije bio striktni surrealist, Nash je bio pod utjecajem ovog pokreta, posebno nakon posjetu izložbi Giorgia de Chirica 1928. godine. Skupina Unit One: Suosnivač je skupine Unit One iz 1933. godine zajedno s Benom Nicholsonom i Barbarom Hepworth, što je bio značajan pokret unutar britanske umjetničke scene.

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Luis Royo born 1954

Born in Olalla

Rođen u mirnom krajoliku Olalle, Španjolska, 1954. godine, Luis Royo se istaknuo kao ključna figura u fantastičnoj ilustraciji, stvarajući svjetove koji pulsiraju eteričnom ljepotom i jezovitom tamom. Kasne sedamdesete svjedočile su Royevim prvim objavama u utjecajnim španjolskim časopisima poput Comix Rambla Internacional i El Vibora, prostorima gdje je brusio svoje vještine i započeo razvoj prepoznatljivog stila koji će uskoro očarati globalnu publiku.

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Julien Levy 1906–1981

Američka Born in New York City Surrealizam, Avangarda

Julien Levy, čuveni trgovač umjetnošću i vlasnik Julien Levy galerije u New Yorku, rođen je 22. siječnja 1906. godine. Levyjeve veze s Marcelom Duchampom otvorile su mu vrata svijeta u kojem su Man Ray i Berenice Abbott bili ključne figure, što je rezultiralo njegovim značajnim uspjehom u stjecanju dijela osobnog arhiva Eugènea Atgeta. Nakon razvoda 1942. godine, Levy je 1944. godine stupio u brak s surrealističkom umjetnicom Muriel Streeter.

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Jim Warren born 1949

Američki Born in Long Beach Surrealistička fantastika

Jim Warren izdvaja se kao jedinstvena figura u suvremenoj ilustraciji, prepoznat prvenstveno po svojim očaravajućim dizajnima književnih naslovnica koji besprijekorno spajaju nadrealizam i fantasy realizam. Rođen 24. studenog 1949. u Long Beachu, Kalifornija, Warrenovo umjetničko putovanje započelo je organski—dječja fascinacija slikarstvom procvjetala je u doživotnu posvećenost stvaranju sanjivih slika koje gledatelje transportiraju u fantastična carstva.

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Michael Parkes born 1944

Born in Sikeston

Rođen 1944. godine u Sikstonu, Missouriju, Michael Parkes se pojavio kao jedinstven i vizionarski glas suvremene umjetnosti – majstor koji besprijekorno spaja fantaziju, duhovnost i tehničku briljantnost. Od najranijih godina, Parkes je pokazivao iznimnu sklonost umjetničkom izražavanju, izvrsno se snalazeći u crtanju, slikanju i kiparstvu; temelj izgrađen formalnim obrazovanjem na Sveučilištu Kansas i kasnije usavršen na Sveučilištu Kalifornije, Berkeley.

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Maurice Tabard 1897–1984

French Born in Lyon Surrealism

A pivotal moment arrived in 1914 when his father’s business necessitated a relocation to New York City, an event that irrevocably altered Tabard’s artistic trajectory. He enrolled at the New York Institute of Photography, immersing himself in the technical aspects of the medium and laying the groundwork for a future defined by innovative visual language. While Tabard’s career wasn't solely defined by Surrealism – he also worked as a set photographer and documentary filmmaker in the 1940s, and spent time teaching in the United States – his contributions to the movement remain significant.

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George Wallace Jardine 1920–2002

British Surrealism

George Wallace Jardine (1920–2002) remains a singular figure in British surrealism, celebrated for his evocative depictions of the Scottish Highlands and his masterful manipulation of printmaking techniques. His work established him as one of Scotland’s foremost landscape painters, blending the tangible reality of the natural world with the intangible whispers of the subconscious. A notable highlight of his graphic work includes the Levitation Act series, which captures ethereal forms suspended against stark backgrounds—a testament to his lifelong fascination with illusion and the boundary between the physical and the spectral.

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Graham Vivian Sutherland 1903–1980

Britanac Born in Streatham Surrealizam Wikipedia, 13 of 32 languages

Rođen u Streathamu u Londonu 1903. godine, Sutherlandovo putovanje bilo je put neprestane metamorfozacije. Kako je prelazio u Goldsmiths' School of Art, Sutherland je počeo odmičati od tradicionalnog predstavljanja, osjećajući privlačnost evokativne moći gravure i etinga.

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Claude Cahun 1894–1954

French Born in Nantes Surrealism

Rejecting the polished realism favored by many artists, she embraced a deliberately unsettling aesthetic—often employing double exposures and photomontage to create images that simultaneously reveal and conceal. Her collages weren’t simply assembled images; they were carefully constructed narratives designed to destabilize viewers' perceptions and provoke contemplation about gender roles and societal norms. During World War II, Cahun actively participated in the French Resistance movement, utilizing her artistic skills to disseminate propaganda and support underground networks.

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Oleksandr Aksinin 1949–1985

Born in Lviv

Rođen u Lavovu, u Ukrajini, 1949. godine, Oleksandr Aksinin istaknuo se kao značajna figura unutar sovjetske umjetničke scene. Ovaj pedantni pristup donio mu je nadimak ‘Dürer iz Lavova’, što je svjedočanstvo njegove tehničke vještine i umjetničke vizije. “Kraj zime” stoji kao jedno od Aksininovih najslavnijih remek-djelata, prikazujući njegovu sposobnost da uhvati samu bit ukrajinske zime s nevjerojatnim detaljem.

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Octavio Ocampo born 1943

Born in Celaya Wikipedia, 9 of 32 languages

Octavio Ocampo, rođen 1943. godine u živopisnom gradu Celaya, Guanajuato, Meksiko, ime je sinonim za metamorfički nadrealizam – stil koji nije samo prihvatio već i utjelovio. Rane freske naslikane za celaysku preparatornu školu i gradsku vijećnicu nagovještavale su nadolazeći talent, ali je poticanje Ruth Rivera, kćeri legendarnog Diega Rivere, i Maria Luise Mendoza pokrenulo ga prema prestižnoj Školi slikarstva i kiparstva na Nacionalnom institutu za fino umjetnost.

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Frederick Sommer 1905–1999

American Photography, Surrealism

Born in Cornell University where he met Frances Elisabeth Watson—whom he married in 1928—Sommer’s life was marked by intellectual curiosity and artistic dedication, culminating in the establishment of the Center for Creative Photography at Arizona State University alongside Ansel Adams, Harry Callahan, Wynn Bullock, and Aaron Siskind.

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Saul Steinberg 1914–1999

Romanian-American Born in Râmnicu Sărat Modernist Cartooning Wikipedia, 17 of 32 languages

To encounter the work of Saul Steinberg is to step into a realm where the boundaries between thought and line, between reality and metaphor, begin to dissolve. He was a fixture in the prestigious galleries of New York, exhibiting alongside giants like Arshile Gorky and Robert Motherwell, yet he remained a beloved figure in the pages of mass-circulation periodicals.

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Luigi Serafini born 1949

Talijana Born in Rim Futuistička umjetnost

Luigi Serafini, rođen u Rimu 1949. godine, zauzima jedinstveno mjesto u suvremenoj mašti, djelujući istovremeno kao arhitekt fizičkih struktura i kartograf nemogućih svjetova. Odgojen unutar umjetničke loze, Serafinijev rani život bio je prožet nijansama forme i dizajna, što je temelj koji će mu kasnije omogućiti da premosti jaz između rigorozne logike arhitekture i fluidnog kaosa nadrealističke fantazije.

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Oscar Domínguez 1906–1957

Born in San Cristóbal de La Laguna Wikipedia, 10 of 32 languages

Domínguez, španjolski nadrealistički slikar, rođen je 3. siječnja 1906. godine u San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Kanarski otoci, Španjolska. To je razdoblje bilo ključno za njegov umjetnički razvoj jer je pohađao umjetničke škole, posjećivao galerije i muzeje te crpio inspiraciju od avangardnih slikara poput Yvesa Tanguyja i Pabla Picassa. Aktivno je sudjelovao u nekoliko važnih izložbi, uključujući one održane u Kopenhagenu (1934.), Londonu i Tenerifama (1936.).

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Hans Bellmer 1902–1975

German Born in Katowice Surrealism, Photography Wikipedia, 15 of 32 languages

His photographs are characterized by a stark, almost clinical aesthetic, often employing unusual lighting and unsettling compositions. Bellmer's use of photography served not merely as documentation but as an integral part of his artistic process – a means of manipulating perception and creating a sense of unease. However, following the war, Bellmer's work gained recognition within Surrealist circles in Paris, where he sought refuge from Nazi persecution.

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Michael Sowa born 1945

Michael Sowa (rođen 1945.) njemački je umjetnik čiji prepoznatljiv stil – obilježen maštovitim, nadrealističkim slikama s antropomorfnim životinjama – stekao je međunarodnu slavu. Rođen u Münchenu, Sowa je svoj umjetnički put započeo ranom fascinacijom crtanjem i skulpturom, njegovan tijekom formativnih godina na Državnoj školi za likovnu umjetnost u Berlinu.

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Jacek Yerka born 1952

Born in Toruń

Jacek Yerka, rođen 1952. godine u Toruņu, Poljska, predstavlja jedinstvenu figuru na suvremenoj umjetničkoj sceni. Od malih nogu okružen umjetnošću – oba roditelja bili su diplomirani slikari s lokalne Akademije likovnih umjetnosti – Yerka je odrastao u atmosferi boja, kistova i neiscrpnog kreativnog duha. Tijekom studija na Sveučilištu Nicolaus Copernicus u Toruņu, oponirao je pritisku da prihvati suvremene stilove, čvrsto se držeći klasične flamske tehnike koja definira njegov rad.

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Angus Rowland Mcbean 1904–1990

Born in Monmouth, New Jersey

He began his career crafting masks and scenery, developing a keen eye for visual storytelling and dramatic presentation. This early experience profoundly shaped his later photographic work, imbuing it with a strong sense of stagecraft and narrative. McBean transitioned into full-time theatre photography, quickly establishing himself as a skilled chronicler of the British stage.

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Wolfgang Paalen 1905–1959

Austrian-Mexican Born in Vienna Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism Wikipedia, 9 of 32 languages

A privileged upbringing afforded him a broad education, encompassing music—particularly the complex structures of Johann Sebastian Bach—and an early fascination with the classical world fostered during family sojourns in Rome. Initial guidance came from German painter Leo von König, nurturing Paalen’s nascent talent and setting him on a path toward artistic expression. He briefly rejoined them between 1951 and 1954 during a sojourn in Paris, but his creative energies were increasingly focused on developing what he termed “ Spaciales ” – paintings that sought to create immersive spatial environments through an extension of his fumage technique.

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Clarence John Laughlin 1905–1985

American Surrealist photography

His work also benefited from the influence of Edward Steichen, whose time at Vogue magazine provided Laughlin with valuable exposure and experience.

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Wilhelm Freddie 1909–1995

Danski Born in Kopenhagen Apstraktna umjetnost, realistički nadrealizam Wikipedia, 12 of 32 languages

Rođen kao Christian Frederik Wilhelm Carlsen 7. veljače 1909. u Kopenhagni, Danska, Wilhelm Freddie vodio je život koji je obilježila nemirna potraga za novim vizualnim jezicima. Između 1929. i 1930. godine, on je kao pripravnik učio za skulptora u Tehničkoj školi, što je bilo razdoblje koje je utvrdilo njegovo razumijevanje forme i fizičke prisutnosti.

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Manuel Álvarez Bravo 1902–2002

Mexican Surrealist photography; Mexican muralism

While he took art classes at the Academia Nacional de Bellas Artes, much of his photography was self-taught, driven by an internal compulsion to document the shifting Mexican identity. His early work was rooted in European influences, but he soon became deeply moved by the Mexican muralism movement and the general cultural and political push to redefine the nation's soul. Through works such as The Good Reputation Sleeping and The Daughter of the Dancers, Bravo invited the world to see Mexico not through a lens of exoticism, but through a lens of profound, quiet dignity.

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Sergei Parajanov 1924–1990

Armenian, Ukrainian Born in Tbilisi Surrealism, Folklore

Sergei Parajanov, born Sarkis Hovsepi Parajaniants in Tbilisi, Georgia on January 9th, 1924, was more than just a filmmaker; he was a cultural architect, a visual poet, and a fiercely independent artist who profoundly shaped the landscape of world cinema. He is buried at Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan, a fitting tribute to a man whose spirit remains inextricably linked to the soul of Armenia.

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Eileen Agar 1899–1991

Argentine-British Born in Buenos Aires Surrealism Wikipedia, 9 of 32 languages

Eileen Forrester Agar, born in the vibrant city of Buenos Aires in 1899 to a Scottish father and American mother, was an artist whose life and work embodied a fascinating interplay of cultures and artistic movements. A period of study in Paris between 1928 and 1930 proved pivotal, exposing her to the intellectual ferment that would soon define Surrealism. Following World War II, Agar experienced a renewed period of artistic productivity, marked by numerous solo exhibitions beginning in 1946.

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George Condo born 1957

Američka Born in Concord Artificialni realizam Wikipedia, 7 of 32 languages

Rođen u Concordu, New Hampshire, 1957. godine, George Condo istaknuo se kao ključna figura suvremene umjetnosti stvaranjem potpuno jedinstvenog vizualnog jezika—onoga koji je sam nazvao „Artificial Realism“ (umjetni realizam). Susret s Jean-Michelom Basquiatom 1979. godine pokazao se transformativnim, potičući preseljenje u New York City i potpuno uranjanje u procvjetavajući svijet umjetnosti. Condov dolazak u New York podudario se s eksplozivnom energijom umjetničke scene East Villagea početkom 1980-ih.

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Mário Cesariny 1923–2006

Portugalac Born in Lisbon Surrealizam, poezija

Rođen u Lisabonu, 9. kolovoza 1923. godine, u obitelji obilježanoj istovremeno i privilegijama i tihim nemirima, Mário Cesariny de Vasconcelos istaknuo se kao jedan od najprepoznatljivijih glasova portugalizkog nadrealizma. Njegov otac, Viriato de Vasconcelos, vješt zlatar, i majka, María de las Mercedes Cesariny, Španjolka francuskog podrijetla, prolazili su kroz bračne poteškoće koje su bacale sjenu na obiteljski dom.

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Piroska Szanto 1913–1998

Hungarian Born in Kiskunfélegyháza Surrealism

This artist colony, brimming with innovative minds like Endre Bálint, Dezső Korniss, and Lajos Vajda, became a crucible for her developing style.

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Artur Cruzeiro Seixas 1920–2020

Born in Amadora 1920s Art Deco

Upon returning to Portugal in 1964, Seixas continued to push the boundaries of artistic expression. The late 1960s brought further recognition, including a scholarship from the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, which allowed him to dedicate himself fully to his artistic pursuits. This circle became the nucleus of what would emerge as the Surrealist Group of Lisbon in the mid-1940s, born from a schism within the broader Portuguese surrealist movement.

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Pavel Tchelitchew 1898–1957

Ruski porijekla Born in Dubrovka Surrealizam, Neo-romantizam Wikipedia, 7 of 32 languages

Pavel Tchelitchew (1898-1957) bio je rođeni Ruse surrealistički slikar, scenograf i kostimograf čije je djelo očaravalo spojem fantastičkog realizma, geometrijske apstrakcije i duboko osobnog simbolizma. Nakon previranja ruskih revolucija, obitelj Tchelitchew izbjegla je u Kiev, gdje je započeo formalno obrazovanje pod vodstvom Aleksandre Ekster, utjecajne figure avangardnog pokreta.

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Marcelo Grassmann 1925–2013

Brazilian Born in Sao Joao do Rio Preto Engraving and draughtsmanship

Initially pursued sculpture before discovering his passion for engraving in the 1940s. These influences shaped his early style and thematic concerns. Influence on Subsequent Artists: His unique style and technical skill have inspired generations of artists in Brazil and beyond.

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María Izquierdo Rodríguez 1902–1955

Meksikačka Born in San Juan de los Lagos Surrealizam, narodna umjetnost Wikipedia, 11 of 32 languages

María Izquierdo Rodríguez, pionirska meksička slikarica, rođena je 30. listopada 1902. godine u San Juan de los Lagosu, Jalisco, u Meksiku. Ova predvodnica umjetnosti posvetila je svoj život i karijeru slikanju koje je ponosno prikazivalo njezino meksičko korijenje, uspijevajući se ravnopravno postaviti među slavne meksičke umjetnike poput Diega Rivere, Joséja Clemente Orozcoa i Davida Alfara Siqueirosa.

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Kay Sage 1898–1963

American Born in Watervliet Surrealism Wikipedia, 11 of 32 languages

The turning point arrived with her divorce in 1935 and subsequent move to Paris in 1937. Here, she encountered the burgeoning Surrealist movement and found herself drawn to the work of Giorgio de Chirico, whose enigmatic landscapes resonated deeply with her own internal world. Despite facing challenges as a woman artist in a male-dominated field, Sage exhibited her work at prominent galleries such as Pierre Matisse Gallery and Catherine Viviano Gallery in New York City, and participated in group exhibitions including the Salon des Surindépendants in Paris.

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Xul Solar 1887–1963

Argentinski Born in San Fernando Avangarda, Nadrealizam Wikipedia, 9 of 32 languages

Oscar Agustín Alejandro Schulz Solari, svijetu poznat kao Xul Solar, bio je lik koji je prkosio bilo kakvim jednostavnim kategorizacijama. Rođen u San Fernandu, Argentina, 1887. godine, njegov život i umjetnost bili su živa tapiserija utkana nitima kosmopolitskog odgoja, ezoteričnog istraživanja i nepokolebljive posvećenosti umjetničkom inoviranju.

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Richard Oelze 1900–1980

German Born in Magdeburg Surrealism Wikipedia, 7 of 32 languages

As a painter, draftsperson, and graphic artist, Oelze was regarded as a significant figure in surrealism. One of his most important works is Die Erwartung (The Expectation, 1935/1936), which depicts a group of people with their backs to the observer, staring into an empty landscape.

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Hedda Sterne 1910–2011

Rumunsko-američka Born in Bukurešt Apstraktni ekspresionizam, Nadrealizam Wikipedia, 8 of 32 languages

Hedda Sterne, rođena kao Hedwig Lindenberg u Bukureštu u Rumunjskoj 1910. godine, bila je umjetnica čiji su život i rad utjelovili fascinantan presjek kultura, pokreta i osobnih filozofija. Njezino formalno obrazovanje započelo je 1918. godine pod mentorstvom Frederica Storcka, kipara koji je podučavao i njezinu učiteljicu Max Hermanna Maxyja, što ju je usmjerilo na put kojim će se susresti s nekim od najvažnijih umjetničkih struja dvadesetog stoljeća.

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Pierre Roy 1880–1950

French Born in Nantes Surrealist Wikipedia, 7 of 32 languages

Born in 1880, Pierre Roy was a French surrealist painter. A significant moment in his career occurred in 1925 when he participated in the first exhibition of surrealist painters alongside figures such as Giorgio de Chirico, Max Ernst, and Pablo Picasso.

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Ithell Colquhoun 1906–1988

British Born in Shillong Surrealism, Occult art Wikipedia, 6 of 32 languages

In 1946, Colquhoun established a studio near Penzance, Cornwall, while maintaining a residence in London.

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Francisco Toledo 1940–2019

Meksikački Born in Ciudad de México Nadrealizam, narodna umjetnost Wikipedia, 10 of 32 languages

Francisco Benjamín López Toledo, rođen u Juchitán de Zaragoza, Oaxaca, 1940. godine, nije bio samo umjetnik; bio je kulturni arhitekt, strastveni zagovornik svoje domovine i jedna od najdublje utjecajnih suvremenih figura Meksika.

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Margit Anna 1913–1991

Mađarska Born in Borota Ekspresionizam, Nadrealizam Wikipedia, 8 of 32 languages

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Jacqueline Lamba 1910–1993

French Born in Saint-Mandé Surrealism Wikipedia, 6 of 32 languages

It was within the electric, avant-garde atmosphere of Paris that Lamba’s destiny intertwined with the movement's most iconic figure, André Breton. Their connection was nothing short of cinematic—a romance ignited by the sight of Lamba performing as a nude underwater dancer at the Coliseum, an image that would forever haunt Breton’s memory.

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Vlady 1920–2005

Modern Art

Vlady’s artistic development has been marked by a consistent dedication to traditional oil painting techniques. This painstaking approach requires immense patience and skill, resulting in paintings that possess a tactile quality and an almost photographic realism. The influence of classical masters like Rembrandt and Vermeer is palpable – particularly in Vlady's masterful use of light and shadow to create dramatic effect and evoke a sense of intimacy.

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Caleb Lewis

Australian

Lewis’s visual language is defined by a meticulous, almost rhythmic precision. The concentration required to place each point allows for a quiet stillness, turning a repetitive motion into a means of managing internal noise.

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Raquel Forner 1902–1988

Argentine Born in Buenos Aires Expressionism, Surrealism Wikipedia, 5 of 32 languages

Moving to Paris in the late 1920s, she became a vital participant in the "Paris Group," a collective of Argentine artists who sought to bridge the gap between South American sensibilities and European innovation. Her legacy is characterized by several key artistic pillars: Technical Mastery: The use of heavy impasto and rich, emotive color palettes that give her subjects a sculptural, palpable presence.

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Lubo Kristek born 1943

Čeh Born in Brno ['Konceptualna umjetnost', 'Surrealizam', 'Performance art'] Wikipedia, 6 of 32 languages

Rođen u Brnu, u Češkoj Republici, 1943. godine, Lubo Kristek istaknuo se kao značajan glas europske umjetničke scene nakon rata, prkoseći bilo kakvim jednostavnim kategorizacijama. Njegovo umjetničko putovanje započelo je tijekom turbulentnih klasika 1960-ih, razdoblja zasićenog eksperimentima i preispitivanjem utvrđenih normi. Ključni trenutak u Kristekovom umjetničkom razvoju dogodio se preseljenjem u Zapadnu Njemačku 1968. godine, nakon Praškog proljeća.

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James Gleeson 1915–2008

Australac Born in Australija Surrealizam Wikipedia, 4 of 32 languages

James Timothy Gleeson (1915-2008) nije bio samo umjetnik; bio je čarobnjak krajolika, tkalač noćnih mora i snova te, možemo reći, prvi pravi australski surrealist. Rođen u Hornsbyju, u New South Walesu, Gleesonov rani život obilježen je dubokim osjećajem gubitka i nepripadanja.

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Julian Trevelyan 1910–1988

Britanac Born in Dorking Surrealizam, Grafika Wikipedia, 3 of 32 languages

Julian Otto Trevelyan, rođen u Dorkingu, Surrey, 1910. godine, bio je lik koji je kretao strujama britanske umjetnosti 20. stoljeća s neovisnim duhom i duboko osobnom vizijom.

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Jeffrey Smart 1921–2013

Australian Born in Adelaide Precisionism Wikipedia, 5 of 32 languages

His early work reflected this exposure, alongside an engagement with local maritime artist John Giles, painting industrial landscapes around Port Adelaide – scenes that foreshadowed his later preoccupation with urban environments. Even as a young artist, actively participating in the Royal South Australian Society of Arts, Smart demonstrated a unique vision, balancing modernist principles with a distinctly personal sensibility. Studying at La Grande Chaumière in Paris, and later under Fernand Léger at the Académie Montmartre, he immersed himself in the heart of modernist thought.

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Conroy Maddox 1912–2005

English Born in Ledbury Surrealism Wikipedia, 4 of 32 languages

He rejected traditional painting methods, embracing collage, frottage, and decalcomania—techniques that allowed for chance encounters and the emergence of unexpected forms. The influence of psychoanalysis, particularly the theories of Sigmund Freud, is evident in his exploration of hidden desires and repressed emotions. Conroy Maddox died in London in 2005 at the age of 92, leaving behind a remarkable body of work that continues to captivate and inspire.

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Tristram Paul Hillier 1905–1983

English Born in Peking Surrealist Wikipedia, 2 of 32 languages

Throughout his career, Hillier remained a steadfast practitioner of surrealism, even as his travels took him across France and Spain before he eventually settled in Somerset, England.

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György Roman 1903–1981

Mađar Born in Rome Surrealizam Wikipedia, 1 of 32 languages

György Roman (1903. – 1981.) proistao je iz plodnog umjetničkog krajolika Mađarske tijekom međuratnog razdoblja, uspostavivši se kao istaknuta figura mađarskog modernizma i ostavivši neizbrisiv trag na ekspresionističkom pokretu. Iako je rođen u Rimu, s korijenima čvrsto utipkanim u Budimpešti, Romanove su formativne godine bile prožete europskim intelektualnim strujama – Nietzscheom, Kafkom, Freudom – koje su duboko oblikovale njegove umjetničke osjetilnosti i potaknule njegovu istraživanja psiholoških krajolika unutar njegovih slika.

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Jorge Castillo born 1933

Spanish Born in Pontevedra Abstract Expressionist Wikipedia, 5 of 32 languages

The influence of Raquel Forner, a fellow artist and a key figure in the Spanish Surrealist movement, is undeniable; her exploration of dream imagery and psychological depth undoubtedly shaped Castillo’s early development. His initial exhibitions at Galería Altamira in Madrid showcased these early works – hauntingly beautiful ink drawings and gouaches that hinted at the emotional complexity to come. Castillo's artistic trajectory began with a formal education in drawing at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, a crucial period that exposed him to the revolutionary currents of Surrealism.

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Ivan Eyre 1935–2022

Canadian Born in Saskatchewan Abstract Figurative, Prairie Landscape Wikipedia, 3 of 32 languages

Born in the small Saskatchewan community of Tulymétik in 1935, Eyre’s artistic journey wasn't simply about depicting what he saw, but about translating a deeply felt connection to place into a visual language that explored existential themes and the complexities of human experience. This formative connection would become the bedrock of his artistic expression. For thirty-three years, from 1959 to 1992, Eyre dedicated himself to teaching at the University of Manitoba School of Art, shaping generations of aspiring artists.

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Ceri Richards 1903–1971

Velški Born in Dunvant Surrealizam, Ekspresionizam Wikipedia, 2 of 32 languages

Rođen u malom selu Dunvant, blizu Swanseaa, 1903. godine, Ceri Giraldus Richards izrastao je u jedinstveno brižnom okruženju koje će duboko oblikovati njegovu umjetničku viziju. Ta predanost kulminirala je ključnom stipendijom na Kraljevskom umjetničkom koledžu u Londonu 1924. godine—trenutkom koji ga je lansirao u samo srce modernističkog pokreta.

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Eldzier Cortor 1916–2015

American Born in Richmond Surrealism, Realism Wikipedia, 3 of 32 languages

His involvement with the Works Progress Administration (WPA) provided him with invaluable experience documenting scenes of Bronzeville, a vibrant Black neighborhood in Chicago during the Depression era.

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Linder Sterling born 1954

British Wikipedia, 4 of 32 languages

Her work has been featured in group exhibitions at the Tate Modern, the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art, and the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago. In 2017, she was honored with the Paul Hamlyn Foundation Award. Her performance art has included works such as The Ultimate Form, a collaboration with choreographer Kenneth Tindall, and Children of the Stain.

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Juan Barjola 1919–2004

Spanish Born in Torre de Miguel Sesmero New Figuration Wikipedia, 3 of 32 languages

The shadow of Pablo Picasso loomed large over Spanish art during Barjola’s formative years, but rather than imitation, Picasso's example spurred him toward originality. The Spanish Civil War cast a long pall over his generation, and while Barjola’s work wasn't overtly political in the propagandistic sense, it resonated with a profound sense of displacement and loss.

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Emilio Tadini 1927–2002

Spanish Born in Milan Catalan Modernisme Wikipedia, 1 of 32 languages

Emilio Tadini was far more than a painter; he was a profound architect of meaning within the Italian cultural landscape. Born in Milan in 1927, his journey began not with a brush, but with the written word. A poet, novelist, and essayist, Tadini first emerged onto the prestigious literary stage in 1947 through Elio Vittorini's magazine, Politecnico.

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Leandre Cristòfol I Peralba 1908–1998

Catalan Born in Olesa de Balaguer Surrealism, Non-figurative Wikipedia, 1 of 32 languages

Rođen u Olesi de Balagueru u Španjolskoj 1908. godine, a preminuo u Lleidi 1998. godine, Cristòfol je bio samouki umjetnik koji je kroz svoj rad stvarao nefigurativna djela, portrete i kompozicije prožete religijskom tematikom. Iako na stranici AllPaintingsStore trenutno nema dostupnih informacija o specifičnim djelima Leandre Cristòfol i Peralba, njegov utjecaj na nadrealističku skulpturu u Kataloniji neosporan je.

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Ellen Lanyon 1926–2013

Born in Chicago World Goes Pop Wikipedia, 1 of 32 languages

Lanyon’s early work focused on intimate portraits of relatives and the spaces they inhabited – quiet studies imbued with a sense of psychological depth. She herself often described these works as “dreamscapes,” a fitting term for paintings that seem to exist on the threshold between waking consciousness and the realm of sleep. In the 1970s, Lanyon’s move to New York brought her into contact with the feminist art collective Heresies, further broadening her intellectual and artistic horizons.