Famous Surrealist Umetniki: A Catalogue of 86 Masters

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Remedios Varo 1908–1963

Španska-meška Born in Anglès Para-surrealizem Wikipedia, 19 of 32 languages

V tihih kotičkih svojega studia je Remedios Varo delala z natančnostjo, ki je odsevašala tehnične risbe njenega očeta, hidravličnega inženirja. Njeno otroštvo v Anglèsu v Španiji je postavilo temelj dvojnosti. Skozi svet se je premikala z radovednim pogledom, vpijajoč pokrajine njenih pogostih selitev in formalno izobrazbo, ki jo je pridela na Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando v Madridu.

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Leonora Carrington 1917–2011

Britansko-meška Born in Clayton-le-Woods Surrealizem Wikipedia, 22 of 32 languages

Rodila se je Mary Leonora Carrington leta 1917 v zelenem objemu Clayton Woodsa v Lancasteru v Angliji. Carringtonova formalna umetniška izobrazba se je nadaljevala v Londonu na Chelsea School of Art (1935), nato pa s študijem na Ozenfant Academy, kjer je izpilila svoje tehnične veščine. Vendar pa je bil to njeno usodnobotno srečanje z Maxom Ernstom leta 1937, ki je neopozirno spremenilo pot njene umetniške poti.

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Yves Tanguy 1900–1955

Born in 8. pariško okrožje Wikipedia, 26 of 32 languages

Ključni trenutek se je zgodil leta 1923, ko je med vožnjo z avtobusom skozi Pariz zagledal slike Giorgio de Chirica. Dela, kot je “Slowly Toward The North” (1942), ponazarjajo to prestrašujočo kakovost, ki gledalca vleče v zapuščeno, a čudno privlačno svet. Tanguyjevo življenje se je leta 1939 z르게 obrnilo, ko je s svojo prvo ženo Jeannette Ducrocq pobegnil iz Evrope pred prihajajočo senco druge svetovne vojne.

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Dorothea Tanning 1910–2012

Američka Born in Galesburg Surrealizem Wikipedia, 20 of 32 languages

Dorothea Margaret Tanning, rojena 25. avgusta 1910 v Galesburgu, Illinois, je prišla iz linije švedskih immigrantov, od katerih je podarila tiho trdnost, ki bo subtilno podpirala njeno drzne in domišljajno umetnost. Kratek štek v Knox College med letoma 1av 1928 in 1930 se je predal privlačnosti Chicaga, nato pa, leta 1935, energični magnetičnosti New York Cityja.

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Leonor Fini 1907–1996

Argentinska-italienska Born in Buenos Aires Surrealizem Wikipedia, 16 of 32 languages

Sredi svoje umetne poti je širila kreativne horizonte tudi skozi kostume in scenografijo za gledališke, baletne, operne in filmske produkcije, vključno z delom Romeo in Julija (1954) Renato Castellanija in A Walk with Love and Death (1968) Johna Hustona.

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André Masson 1896–1987

Born in Balagny-sur-Thérain Wikipedia, 21 of 32 languages

André Masson, rojen 4. januarja 1896 v Balagny-sur-Thérainu v Franciji, je bil izjemno pomemben lik v zgodovini moderne umetnosti, predvsem pa eden vodilnih predstavnikov nadrealizma. Njegova umetniška pot se je začela že v mladosti, ko se je pri enajstih letih vpisal na Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts v Bruslju pod mentorstvo Constant Montalda.

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Meret Oppenheim 1913–1985

Švicsko-nemalška Born in Berlin Surrealizem Wikipedia, 18 of 32 languages

Meret Oppenheim se je rodila leta 1913 v Berlinu, v Nemčiji, vendar je njena pot, ki jo je oblikovala izjemna umetniška vizija, začela v Švici. Umetniška pot Meret Oppenheim se je začela z pomembnim korakom v Parizu leta 1932, kjer je študirala na prestižni Académie de la Grande Chaumière.

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Wifredo Lam 1902–1982

Kubaški Born in Sagua La Grande Surrealizem, kubizem Wikipedia, 16 of 32 languages

Wifredo Óscar de la Concepción Lam y Castilla, znan preprosto kot Wifredo Lam, je bil slikar, ki je v 20. stoletju utelesil vse zapletenosti kulturne identitete. Rodil se je leta 1902 v Sagua La Grande na Kubi, njegova linija pa je sama po sebi govorila o plastni zgodovini otoka – njegov oče je bil potomok kitajskih immigrantov, mati pa je svoje korenine povezovala s španskimi osvajalci in ustremljenimi Afrikanci.

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Victor Brauner 1903–1966

Rumunsko-francijski Born in Piatra Neamț Surrealizem Wikipedia, 14 of 32 languages

Victor Brauner, rojen v Piatra Neamt v Romuniji leta 1903, se je odpravil na umetniško potomerjeno z duhovnimi tokovi in nemirno raziskovanjem forme. Privlačnost Pariza se je izkazala neustavljiva, zato je Brauner svoje prvo potovanje tja opravil leta zględ 1925 in se vrnil ponovno leta 1927.

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Roberto Matta 1911–2002

Chilean Born in Santiago ['Surrealizem', 'Abstraktni ekspresionizem'] Wikipedia, 15 of 32 languages

Rodjen: 11. november 1911, Santiago, Chile Umrl: 23. marec 2002, Civitavecchia, Italija Roberto Sebastián Antonio Matta Echaurren, znan kot Roberto Matta, je bil čilenski slikar in arhitekt, ki je s svojo umetnostjo močno vplival na abstraktni ekspresionizem in surrealistično umetnost. Njegova pot se je začela z arhitektonskim temeljom, saj je študiral arhitekturo na Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, kjer je diplomiral leta 1935.

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Felix Nussbaum 1904–1944

Nemško-židovski Born in Osnabrück Surrealizem, Nova objektivnost Wikipedia, 17 of 32 languages

Rod in Osnabrück v Nemčiji leta 1904, je njegovo življenje odtvarjalo v ozadju vzrastajočega nacionalizma in eskalacije preganjanja, kar se je končalo s grozotami Holokausta. Nussbaumova umetniška pot se je začela z urimi študiji v Hamburgu in Berlinu leta 1920, in se je nadaljevala, dokler so okoliščine to dopušale.

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Joseph Cornell 1903–1972

Born in Nyack Wikipedia, 14 of 32 languages

Joseph Cornell, rojen na božični večer leta 1903 v Nyacku, New York, ostaja ena najbolj edinstvenih in globoko ganljivih osebnosti ameriške umetnosti. Sanjarska logika in sprejemanje iracionalnega, ki ga najdemo v delih umetnikov kot sta Max Ernst in René Magritte, so globoko odmevali s Cornello lastno nagnjenostjo k poetičnemu sestavljanju. Dela kot Medici Princess (1948) to popolnoma ponazarjajo – nežna ureditev, ki prikliče renesančno Italijo, filtrirano skozi objektiv osebne fantazije.

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Ernst Fuchs 1930–2015

Avstrijec Born in Dunaj Fantastični realizem Wikipedia, 16 of 32 languages

Ernst Fuchs (1930–2015) je bil veliko več kot le slikar; bil je multidisciplinarni vizionar, ki je vtkal niti videnjskosti v rangkaiane videnja, arhitekture, glasbe in poezije, da bi ustvaril edinstven, halucinatorno naravo vesolje. Rod Jen v Dunaju v obdobju globokih zgodovinskih premen, Fuchs se je iz ruševin povojnem obdobja izlomil ne s porazom, temvezględ z neugasljivo župo za sublimno.

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Paul Delvaux 1897–1994

Belgijski Born in Huy Surrealizem Wikipedia, 24 of 32 languages

Paul Delvaux se je na svet prišel 23. septembra 1897 v Antheitu, lokaciji v belgijski pokrajini Liège, ki je od takrat postala del Wanzeja. Ta premik med provincijskim peččem Liègeja in urbanim središčem Bruselja je prinesel temeljni kontrast njegovim kasnejšim, vse bolj enostavnim in globokim umetniškim zapletom. Živel je dolgo in bogato življenje, pri svojem umetniškem delu pa je ostal aktiven vse do smrti, ki je nastopila 20. julija 1994.

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Dora Maar 1907–1997

Francoska Born in Pariz Surrealistična fotografija Wikipedia, 22 of 32 languages

Njena predanost socialni pravičnosti in političnemu aktivizmu je še dodatno obogatila njeno umetniško prakso, v njeno delo pa je vplila močna čutem empatije in kritična zavednost. Danes fotografije Dora Maar še vedno resonirajo z gledalci in ponujajo vpogled v kompleksno ter fascinantno življenje – spomenik umetnici, ki je izzivala pričakovanja in pustila neizbrisno pečat v svetu umetnosti.

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Elsa Schiaparelli 1890–1973

Italijanka Born in Rim Surrealistična moda

Njen oče, Celestino Schiaparelli, priznani učenjak islamskih študij in sanskrt, je ustvaril okolje, bogato z znanjem, medtem ko je njen stric, astronom Giovanni Schiaparelli – znan po svojih opazovanjih marsihskih "kanalov" – v njej vzbudil doživljotno fascinacijo nad kozmosom in nekonvencionalnostjo.

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Paul Nash 1889–1946

Britanec Born in Kensington Surrealizem, Modernizem

Izobraževanje: Obiskal je Parsons School of Art in kasneje Slade School of Fine Art. Čeprav je bil izstopajoč v slikanju pejzažev, se je soočal s težavami pri risanju figurativnih motivov. Skupina Unit One: Zmanjšal je razdaljo med različnimi slogi s soustanovanjem skupine Unit One leta 1933 skupaj z Benom Nicholsonom in Barbaro Hepworth, ki je bila pomembna v britanski umetni sceni.

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Luis Royo rojen 1954

Španski Born in Olalla Fantasy ilustracija

Rodjen v mirnih pejzažih Olalle v Španiji leta 1954, je Luis Royo izstopil kot ključna figura v ilustraciji fantasy, saj je ustvarjal svetove, ki utripajo z eterično lepoto in hkrati s prehodecno temnoto globino.

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Julien Levy 1906–1981

Ameriški Born in New York Surrealizem, Avantgarda

Julien Levy, izjemno vplivni ljubitelj umetnosti in lastnik galerije Julien Levy v New Yorku, se je rodil 22. januarja 1906. Levyjeve povezave z Marcelom Duchampom so mu odprle vrata v svet umetnikov, kot sta Man Ray in Berenice Abbott, kar je privedlo do njegove dragocene pridobitve dela arhive Eugènea Atgeta.

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Jim Warren rojen 1949

Ameriški Born in Long Beach Surrealistična fantazija

Warren se je rodil 24. novembra 1949 v Long Beachu v Kaliforniji, njegova umetniška pot pa se je začela naravno — otroško fasciniranje s slikanjem se je razvil v življenjsko predanost ustvarjanju sanličnih slik, ki gledalce popeljejo v fantastična kraljestva.

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Michael Parkes rojen 1944

Born in Sikeston

Občuduje renesančne mojstre – Leonarda da Vincija in Michelangela – za njihovo anatomsko natančnost in mojstrske kompozicije, hkrati pa priznava provokacije nadrealista Salvadora Dalíja. Tri gracije na primer – slika, ki je bila prominentno predstavljena v Danu Brownovem Izgubljenem simbolu – ni samo lepa upodobitev mitoloških figur, ampak zapletena alegorija, ki ponuja plasti interpretacij.

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Maurice Tabard 1897–1984

French Born in Lyon Surrealism

A pivotal moment arrived in 1914 when his father’s business necessitated a relocation to New York City, an event that irrevocably altered Tabard’s artistic trajectory. He enrolled at the New York Institute of Photography, immersing himself in the technical aspects of the medium and laying the groundwork for a future defined by innovative visual language. While Tabard’s career wasn't solely defined by Surrealism – he also worked as a set photographer and documentary filmmaker in the 1940s, and spent time teaching in the United States – his contributions to the movement remain significant.

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George Wallace Jardine 1920–2002

British Surrealism

George Wallace Jardine (1920–2002) remains a singular figure in British surrealism, celebrated for his evocative depictions of the Scottish Highlands and his masterful manipulation of printmaking techniques. His work established him as one of Scotland’s foremost landscape painters, blending the tangible reality of the natural world with the intangible whispers of the subconscious. A notable highlight of his graphic work includes the Levitation Act series, which captures ethereal forms suspended against stark backgrounds—a testament to his lifelong fascination with illusion and the boundary between the physical and the spectral.

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Graham Sutherland 1903–1980

Britanec Born in Streatham Surrealizem Wikipedia, 13 of 32 languages

Graham Vivian Sutherland, titan britanskega modernizma, je posedoval redko sposobnost, da znane konture naravnega sveta spremeni v nekaj globoko porajujočega in duhovno pomembnega. Rodjen v Streathamu v Londonu leta 1903, je Sutherlandova pot bila pot nenežne metamorfoze. Čeprav so njegova zgodnja leta oblikovala klasična izobraževanja na Epsom College, se je njegovo pravo poklicno zanimanje pojavilo daleč od pravničkih krogov njegove družine.

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Claude Cahun 1894–1954

French Born in Nantes Surrealism

Rejecting the polished realism favored by many artists, she embraced a deliberately unsettling aesthetic—often employing double exposures and photomontage to create images that simultaneously reveal and conceal. Her collages weren’t simply assembled images; they were carefully constructed narratives designed to destabilize viewers' perceptions and provoke contemplation about gender roles and societal norms. During World War II, Cahun actively participated in the French Resistance movement, utilizing her artistic skills to disseminate propaganda and support underground networks.

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Oleksandr Aksinin 1949–1985

Born in Lviv

Rodjen v Lvivu na Ukrajini leta 1949, Oleksandr Aksinin se je izstopal kot pomembna osebnost v sovjetski umetniški sceni. Čeprav so podrobnosti o njegovem zgodnjem življenju nekoliko redke, je bila njegova predanost umetniškemu delu nepoporen že od mladosti. Ta pedantni pristop mu je prinesel pripetje »Dürer iz Lviva«, kar je edinsto spovedanje njegove tehnične izobraznosti in umetniške vizije.

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Octavio Ocampo rojen 1943

Born in Celaya Wikipedia, 9 of 32 languages

Octavio Ocampo, rojen leta 1943 v živahnem mestu Celaya, Guanajuato, Mehika, je ime sinonim za metamorfični surrealizem – slog, ki ga ni zgolj sprejel, ampak ga je vključil v svoje bistvo.

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Frederick Sommer 1905–1999

American Photography, Surrealism

Born in Cornell University where he met Frances Elisabeth Watson—whom he married in 1928—Sommer’s life was marked by intellectual curiosity and artistic dedication, culminating in the establishment of the Center for Creative Photography at Arizona State University alongside Ansel Adams, Harry Callahan, Wynn Bullock, and Aaron Siskind.

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Saul Steinberg 1914–1999

Romanian-American Born in Râmnicu Sărat Modernist Cartooning Wikipedia, 17 of 32 languages

To encounter the work of Saul Steinberg is to step into a realm where the boundaries between thought and line, between reality and metaphor, begin to dissolve. He was a fixture in the prestigious galleries of New York, exhibiting alongside giants like Arshile Gorky and Robert Motherwell, yet he remained a beloved figure in the pages of mass-circulation periodicals.

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Luigi Serafini rojen 1949

italijanska Born in Rim Futuristična umetnost

Luigi Serafini, rojen v Rimu leta 1949, zaseda edinstven prostor v sodobni človeški predstavljanju, saj deluje tako kot arhitekt fizičnih struktur in kartograf nemogočih svetov. Zaradi umetniškega dediščine, v kateri je odrastel, so bili Serafinijevi zgodnji dnevi prežeti z niancami oblike in oblikovanja – temeljom, ki mu je kasneje omogočil premostitev vrzeli med strogo logiko arhitekture in tekočim kaosom surrealistične fantazije.

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Oscar Dominguez 1906–1957

Born in San Cristóbal de La Laguna Wikipedia, 10 of 32 languages

Domínguez, španski surrealistični slikar, se je rodil 3. januarja 1906 v San Cristóbal de La Laguna na Tenerifih, na Kanarskih otokih. Ta obdobje je bilo ključno za njegov umetniški razvoj, saj je obiskoval umetniške šole, galerije in muzeje, hkrati pa je črpal navdih pri avantgardnih slikarjih, kot sta Yves Tanguy in Pablo Picasso. Leta 1933 je Domínguez spoznal André Bretona, vodilnega teoretičarka surrealizma, in pesnika Paula Éluarda.

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Hans Bellmer 1902–1975

German Born in Katovice Surrealism, Photography Wikipedia, 15 of 32 languages

His photographs are characterized by a stark, almost clinical aesthetic, often employing unusual lighting and unsettling compositions. Bellmer's use of photography served not merely as documentation but as an integral part of his artistic process – a means of manipulating perception and creating a sense of unease. However, following the war, Bellmer's work gained recognition within Surrealist circles in Paris, where he sought refuge from Nazi persecution.

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Michael Sowa rojen 1945

Michael Sowa (rojen leta 1945) je nemški slikar, znan po svojem edinstvenem stilu – čarobnih, surrealističnih slikah z antropomorfnimi živalmi – ki so si pridobile mednarodno priznanje. Rojstni kraj Munchen, Nemčija, Sowa se je umetnosti začel posvečati že v zgodnjem otroštvu, ko ga je očarala risba in kiparstvo, spodbujano na Državni šoli za likovno umetnost v Berlinu.

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Jacek Yerka rojen 1952

Born in Trst

Rojen leta 1952 v Torunju na Poljski, Jacek Yerka je izrastel iz globoko umetniške družine. Kljub temu mu je njegov talent za skiciranje v srednji šoli prinesel veliko spoštovanje. Čeprav je sprva razmišljal o karieri v astronomiji ali medicini, se je Yerka na koncu odločil za študij likovne umetnosti in grafičnega oblikovanja.

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Angus Rowland Mcbean 1904–1990

Born in Monmouth, New Jersey

He began his career crafting masks and scenery, developing a keen eye for visual storytelling and dramatic presentation. This early experience profoundly shaped his later photographic work, imbuing it with a strong sense of stagecraft and narrative. McBean transitioned into full-time theatre photography, quickly establishing himself as a skilled chronicler of the British stage.

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Wolfgang Paalen 1905–1959

Austrian-Mexican Born in Vienna Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism Wikipedia, 9 of 32 languages

A privileged upbringing afforded him a broad education, encompassing music—particularly the complex structures of Johann Sebastian Bach—and an early fascination with the classical world fostered during family sojourns in Rome. Initial guidance came from German painter Leo von König, nurturing Paalen’s nascent talent and setting him on a path toward artistic expression. He briefly rejoined them between 1951 and 1954 during a sojourn in Paris, but his creative energies were increasingly focused on developing what he termed “ Spaciales ” – paintings that sought to create immersive spatial environments through an extension of his fumage technique.

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Clarence John Laughlin 1905–1985

American Surrealist photography

His work also benefited from the influence of Edward Steichen, whose time at Vogue magazine provided Laughlin with valuable exposure and experience.

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Wilhelm Freddie 1909–1995

Danski Born in Kopenhagen Abstraktna slikarstvo, realistični surrealizem Wikipedia, 12 of 32 languages

Rodjen 7. februarja 1909 v Københavnu na Danski, Christian Frederik Wilhelm Carlsen, ki ga bomo poznali kot Wilhelm Freddie, je živel življenje, ki ga je opredeloval nenehni razvoj novih vizualnih jezikov. Med letoma 1929 in 1930 je opravljal podlearnstvo za kiparja na Tehnični šoli, obdobje, ki mu je utrdilo razumevanje forme in fizične prisotnosti.

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Manuel Álvarez Bravo 1902–2002

Mexican Surrealist photography; Mexican muralism

While he took art classes at the Academia Nacional de Bellas Artes, much of his photography was self-taught, driven by an internal compulsion to document the shifting Mexican identity. His early work was rooted in European influences, but he soon became deeply moved by the Mexican muralism movement and the general cultural and political push to redefine the nation's soul. Through works such as The Good Reputation Sleeping and The Daughter of the Dancers, Bravo invited the world to see Mexico not through a lens of exoticism, but through a lens of profound, quiet dignity.

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Sergei Parajanov 1924–1990

Armenian, Ukrainian Born in Tbilisi Surrealism, Folklore

Sergei Parajanov, born Sarkis Hovsepi Parajaniants in Tbilisi, Georgia on January 9th, 1924, was more than just a filmmaker; he was a cultural architect, a visual poet, and a fiercely independent artist who profoundly shaped the landscape of world cinema. He is buried at Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan, a fitting tribute to a man whose spirit remains inextricably linked to the soul of Armenia.

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Eileen Agar 1899–1991

Argentine-British Born in Buenos Aires Surrealism Wikipedia, 9 of 32 languages

Eileen Forrester Agar, born in the vibrant city of Buenos Aires in 1899 to a Scottish father and American mother, was an artist whose life and work embodied a fascinating interplay of cultures and artistic movements. A period of study in Paris between 1928 and 1930 proved pivotal, exposing her to the intellectual ferment that would soon define Surrealism. Following World War II, Agar experienced a renewed period of artistic productivity, marked by numerous solo exhibitions beginning in 1946.

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George Condo rojen 1957

Ameriški Born in Concord Artificial Realism Wikipedia, 7 of 32 languages

George Condo, rojen leta 1957 v Concordu v New Hampshireju, se je v sodobno umetnost vstopil kot ključna figura, ki je oblikovala popolnoma edinstven vizualni jezik – tistega, ki ga je sam imenoval "Artificial Realism" ali umetni realizem. Srečanje z Jean-Michelom Basquiatom leta 1979 se je izkazalo za preobrazbno, saj ga je spodbudilo k preselitvi v New York City in popolni potopitvi v cvetelo svet umetnosti.

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Mário Cesariny 1923–2006

Portugalec Born in Lisabon Surrealizem, poezija

Rojen v Lisabonu, v Portugalski, 9. avgusta 1923, v družini, ki je bila zaznamovana tako s privilegi kot z nemim nemočjo, se je Mário Cesariny de Vasconcelos izrinjal kot eden najpreprojnejših glasov portugalskega surrealizma. Njegov oče, Viriato de Vasconcelos, vešč zlodar, in njegova mati, María de las Mercedes Cesariny, Španinka francoskega izvora, sta doživela zakonske težave, ki so senco zavetile nad družinsko domovino.

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Piroska Szanto 1913–1998

Hungarian Born in Kiskunfélegyháza Surrealism

This artist colony, brimming with innovative minds like Endre Bálint, Dezső Korniss, and Lajos Vajda, became a crucible for her developing style.

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Artur Cruzeiro Seixas 1920–2020

Born in Amadora 1920s Art Deco

Upon returning to Portugal in 1964, Seixas continued to push the boundaries of artistic expression. The late 1960s brought further recognition, including a scholarship from the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, which allowed him to dedicate himself fully to his artistic pursuits. This circle became the nucleus of what would emerge as the Surrealist Group of Lisbon in the mid-1940s, born from a schism within the broader Portuguese surrealist movement.

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Pavel Tchelitchew 1898–1957

rojen v Rusiji Born in Dubrovka Surrealizem, Neo-romantizem Wikipedia, 7 of 32 languages

Skozi Sitwelline povezave se je vključil v literarne krogove in dobil vpogled v nove umetnostne filozofije.

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Marcelo Grassmann 1925–2013

Brazilian Born in Sao Joao do Rio Preto Engraving and draughtsmanship

Initially pursued sculpture before discovering his passion for engraving in the 1940s. These influences shaped his early style and thematic concerns. Influence on Subsequent Artists: His unique style and technical skill have inspired generations of artists in Brazil and beyond.

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María Izquierdo 1902–1955

Meksikanka Born in San Juan de los Lagos Surrealizem, ljudska umetnost Wikipedia, 11 of 32 languages

María Izquierdo Rodríguez, pionirska meksička slikarica, se je rodila 30. oktobra 1902 v San Juan de los Lagos, Jalisco, na Meksiki. Ta predvodnica je svoje življenje in kariero posvetila slikanju umetnosti, ki je z ponosom izpostavljala njene meksičke korenine, s čim se je uspešno vzpostavila med znamenitimi mešičkimi moškimi umetniki, kot so Diego Rivera, José Clemente Obrezco in David Alfaro Siqueiros.

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Kay Sage 1898–1963

American Born in Watervliet Surrealism Wikipedia, 11 of 32 languages

The turning point arrived with her divorce in 1935 and subsequent move to Paris in 1937. Here, she encountered the burgeoning Surrealist movement and found herself drawn to the work of Giorgio de Chirico, whose enigmatic landscapes resonated deeply with her own internal world. Despite facing challenges as a woman artist in a male-dominated field, Sage exhibited her work at prominent galleries such as Pierre Matisse Gallery and Catherine Viviano Gallery in New York City, and participated in group exhibitions including the Salon des Surindépendants in Paris.

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Xul Solar 1887–1963

Argentinski Born in San Fernando Avantgarda, Surrealizem Wikipedia, 9 of 32 languages

Oscar Agustín Alejandro Schulz Solari, celemu svetu znano kot Xul Solar, je bil lik, ki se je zavračal vsakega lahkega razvrščanja. Rodil se je leta 1887 v San Fernandu v Argentini, njegovo življenje in umetnost pa sta predstavljala živoporno tapiserijo, voteno z niti kosmopolitanske vzgoje, ezoterične raziskave in neomajne predanosti umetniškemu inoviranju.

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Richard Oelze 1900–1980

German Born in Magdeburg Surrealism Wikipedia, 7 of 32 languages

As a painter, draftsperson, and graphic artist, Oelze was regarded as a significant figure in surrealism. One of his most important works is Die Erwartung (The Expectation, 1935/1936), which depicts a group of people with their backs to the observer, staring into an empty landscape.

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Hedda Sterne 1910–2011

Rumunska-Američanka Born in Bukarešta Abstraktni ekspresionizem, Surrealizem Wikipedia, 8 of 32 languages

Hedda Sterne, rojena kot Hedwig Lindenberg v Bukarestu v Romuniji leta 1910, je bila umetnica, katere življenje in delo so utripala na fascinantnem stičišču kultur, gibanj in osebne filozofije. Njena formalna izobrazba se je začela leta 1918 pod mentorstvom Fredericca Storcka, kiparja, ki je učil tudi njenega učitelja Maxa Hermanna Maxyja, s čimer se je vključila v pot, ki jo bo povezala z nekaterimi najpomembnejšimi umetniškimi tokovi dv twentiethnega stoletja.

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Pierre Roy 1880–1950

French Born in Nantes Surrealist Wikipedia, 7 of 32 languages

Born in 1880, Pierre Roy was a French surrealist painter. A significant moment in his career occurred in 1925 when he participated in the first exhibition of surrealist painters alongside figures such as Giorgio de Chirico, Max Ernst, and Pablo Picasso.

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Ithell Colquhoun 1906–1988

British Born in Shillong Surrealism, Occult art Wikipedia, 6 of 32 languages

In 1946, Colquhoun established a studio near Penzance, Cornwall, while maintaining a residence in London.

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Francisco Toledo 1940–2019

Meksikanski Born in Ciudad de México Surrealizem, ljudska umetnost Wikipedia, 10 of 32 languages

Francisco Benjamín López Toledo, rojen v Juchitán de Zaragoza v Oaxaci leta 1940, ni bil le umetnik; bil je kulturni arhitekt, strasten zagovornik svoje domovine in ena najbolj globokih vplivnih sodobnih oseb v Meksiki.

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Margit Anna 1913–1991

Madžarska Born in Borota Ekspresionizem, Surrealizem Wikipedia, 8 of 32 languages

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Jacqueline Lamba 1910–1993

French Born in Saint-Mandé Surrealism Wikipedia, 6 of 32 languages

It was within the electric, avant-garde atmosphere of Paris that Lamba’s destiny intertwined with the movement's most iconic figure, André Breton. Their connection was nothing short of cinematic—a romance ignited by the sight of Lamba performing as a nude underwater dancer at the Coliseum, an image that would forever haunt Breton’s memory.

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Vlady 1920–2005

Modern Art

Vlady’s artistic development has been marked by a consistent dedication to traditional oil painting techniques. This painstaking approach requires immense patience and skill, resulting in paintings that possess a tactile quality and an almost photographic realism. The influence of classical masters like Rembrandt and Vermeer is palpable – particularly in Vlady's masterful use of light and shadow to create dramatic effect and evoke a sense of intimacy.

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Caleb Lewis

Australian

Lewis’s visual language is defined by a meticulous, almost rhythmic precision. The concentration required to place each point allows for a quiet stillness, turning a repetitive motion into a means of managing internal noise.

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Raquel Forner 1902–1988

Argentine Born in Buenos Aires Expressionism, Surrealism Wikipedia, 5 of 32 languages

Moving to Paris in the late 1920s, she became a vital participant in the "Paris Group," a collective of Argentine artists who sought to bridge the gap between South American sensibilities and European innovation. Her legacy is characterized by several key artistic pillars: Technical Mastery: The use of heavy impasto and rich, emotive color palettes that give her subjects a sculptural, palpable presence.

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Lubo Kristek rojen 1943

Češko Born in Brno ['Konceptualna umetnost', 'Surrealizem', 'Performance umetnost'] Wikipedia, 6 of 32 languages

Rodjen v Brnu na Češkem, leta 1943, se je Lubo Kristek pojavil kot pomemben glas na evropski umetni sceni po drugi svetovni vojni, pri čemer se je upiral lahkemu razvrščanju med sloge.

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James Gleeson 1915–2008

Avstralec Born in Avstralija Surrealizem Wikipedia, 4 of 32 languages

James Timothy Gleeson (1915–2008) ni bil le temak umetnik; bil je čarobnjak pokrajin, tkalec nočnih grozov in san, in morda prvi pravi avstralski surrealist. Gleesonovo zgodnje življenje, rojeno v Hornsbyju v New South Walesu, je bilo zaznamovano z globokim občutkom izgnanstva.

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Julian Trevelyan 1910–1988

Britanec Born in Dorking Surrealizem, grafika Wikipedia, 3 of 32 languages

Julian Otto Trevelyan, rojen leta 1910 v Dorkingu v Surreys, je bil oseba, ki je s svobodnim duhom in globoko osebno vizijo pomovirila skozi tokove britanske umetnosti 20. stoletja. Tu se je srečal z nekaterimi najpomembnejšega obrazi avantgarde – Max Ernst, Oskar Kokoschka, Joan Miró in Pablo Picasso – umetniki, ki so izzivali konvencionalne predstavitve in sprejeli moč podzavesti.

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Jeffrey Smart 1921–2013

Australian Born in Adelaide Precisionism Wikipedia, 5 of 32 languages

His early work reflected this exposure, alongside an engagement with local maritime artist John Giles, painting industrial landscapes around Port Adelaide – scenes that foreshadowed his later preoccupation with urban environments. Even as a young artist, actively participating in the Royal South Australian Society of Arts, Smart demonstrated a unique vision, balancing modernist principles with a distinctly personal sensibility. Studying at La Grande Chaumière in Paris, and later under Fernand Léger at the Académie Montmartre, he immersed himself in the heart of modernist thought.

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Conroy Maddox 1912–2005

English Born in Ledbury Surrealism Wikipedia, 4 of 32 languages

He rejected traditional painting methods, embracing collage, frottage, and decalcomania—techniques that allowed for chance encounters and the emergence of unexpected forms. The influence of psychoanalysis, particularly the theories of Sigmund Freud, is evident in his exploration of hidden desires and repressed emotions. Conroy Maddox died in London in 2005 at the age of 92, leaving behind a remarkable body of work that continues to captivate and inspire.

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Tristram Hillier 1905–1983

English Born in Peking Surrealist Wikipedia, 2 of 32 languages

Throughout his career, Hillier remained a steadfast practitioner of surrealism, even as his travels took him across France and Spain before he eventually settled in Somerset, England.

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György Roman 1903–1981

Madžar Born in Rome Surrealizem Wikipedia, 1 of 32 languages

Zgodnje življenje in izobraževanje: Roman je sledil formalnemu umetniškemu izobraževanju na Madžarski akademiji bele kun arts v Budimpešti, kjer je izpiloval svoje veščine pod vplivnimi učitelji, ki so zagovarjali realizem in akademsko tradicijo. Vpliv ekspresionizma: Cvetočijoče ekspresionistično gibanje je očaralo Romanovo domišljijo ter ga navdihnilo, da sprejme drzne barve, deformirane oblike in subjektivno čustveno izražanje.

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Jorge Castillo rojen 1933

Spanish Born in Pontevedra Abstract Expressionist Wikipedia, 5 of 32 languages

The influence of Raquel Forner, a fellow artist and a key figure in the Spanish Surrealist movement, is undeniable; her exploration of dream imagery and psychological depth undoubtedly shaped Castillo’s early development. His initial exhibitions at Galería Altamira in Madrid showcased these early works – hauntingly beautiful ink drawings and gouaches that hinted at the emotional complexity to come. Castillo's artistic trajectory began with a formal education in drawing at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, a crucial period that exposed him to the revolutionary currents of Surrealism.

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Ivan Eyre 1935–2022

Canadian Born in Saskatchewan Abstract Figurative, Prairie Landscape Wikipedia, 3 of 32 languages

Born in the small Saskatchewan community of Tulymétik in 1935, Eyre’s artistic journey wasn't simply about depicting what he saw, but about translating a deeply felt connection to place into a visual language that explored existential themes and the complexities of human experience. This formative connection would become the bedrock of his artistic expression. For thirty-three years, from 1959 to 1992, Eyre dedicated himself to teaching at the University of Manitoba School of Art, shaping generations of aspiring artists.

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Ceri Richards 1903–1971

Welški Born in Dunvant Surrealizem, Ekspresionizem Wikipedia, 2 of 32 languages

Rojen v majhnem vasu Dunvant, blizu Swansea, leta 1903. Formalno umetniško potovanje Richardsa je začelo na Gowerton Intermediate School, kjer je njegov talent hitro zasja, kar mu je prineslo priznanje na lokalnih tekmstvih. Ta namestitev je vrhunecela z ključno stipendijo na Royal College of Art v Londonu leta 1924 – trenutek, ki ga je potopil v srce modernističnega gibanja.

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Eldzier Cortor 1916–2015

American Born in Richmond Surrealism, Realism Wikipedia, 3 of 32 languages

His involvement with the Works Progress Administration (WPA) provided him with invaluable experience documenting scenes of Bronzeville, a vibrant Black neighborhood in Chicago during the Depression era.

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Linder Sterling rojen 1954

British Wikipedia, 4 of 32 languages

Her work has been featured in group exhibitions at the Tate Modern, the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art, and the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago. In 2017, she was honored with the Paul Hamlyn Foundation Award. Her performance art has included works such as The Ultimate Form, a collaboration with choreographer Kenneth Tindall, and Children of the Stain.

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Juan Barjola 1919–2004

Spanish Born in Torre de Miguel Sesmero New Figuration Wikipedia, 3 of 32 languages

The shadow of Pablo Picasso loomed large over Spanish art during Barjola’s formative years, but rather than imitation, Picasso's example spurred him toward originality. The Spanish Civil War cast a long pall over his generation, and while Barjola’s work wasn't overtly political in the propagandistic sense, it resonated with a profound sense of displacement and loss.

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Emilio Tadini 1927–2002

Spanish Born in Milan Catalan Modernisme Wikipedia, 1 of 32 languages

Emilio Tadini was far more than a painter; he was a profound architect of meaning within the Italian cultural landscape. Born in Milan in 1927, his journey began not with a brush, but with the written word. A poet, novelist, and essayist, Tadini first emerged onto the prestigious literary stage in 1947 through Elio Vittorini's magazine, Politecnico.

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Leandre Cristófol 1908–1998

Catalan Born in Olesa de Balaguer Surrealism, Non-figurative Wikipedia, 1 of 32 languages

Rodjen v Os de Balaguer v Španiji leta 1908 in umrl v Lleidi leta 1998, se je Cristòfol vzdeloval kot samodidak, pri čemer je ustvarjal nefigurativna dela, portrete ter plastične umetnost z religijsko tematiko.

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Ellen Lanyon 1926–2013

Born in Chicago World Goes Pop Wikipedia, 1 of 32 languages

Lanyon’s early work focused on intimate portraits of relatives and the spaces they inhabited – quiet studies imbued with a sense of psychological depth. She herself often described these works as “dreamscapes,” a fitting term for paintings that seem to exist on the threshold between waking consciousness and the realm of sleep. In the 1970s, Lanyon’s move to New York brought her into contact with the feminist art collective Heresies, further broadening her intellectual and artistic horizons.