Hermann Ernst Freund: Life and Legacy

Early Life and Training

Hermann Ernst Freund (1786-1840) was a German-born Danish sculptor who achieved recognition for his pioneering work in Nordic mythology and, most notably, the ambitious *Ragnarok Frieze*. Born near Bremen, Germany, he initially pursued training as a smith before dedicating himself to the world of art. He enrolled at the Art Academy in Copenhagen, where his talent quickly shone through, earning him all four silver and gold medals.

Roman Period and Influences

Following his graduation, Freund embarked on a decade-long sojourn in Rome (1810-1820). This period proved pivotal to his artistic development. He became the closest assistant to the renowned sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen, gaining invaluable experience and refining his skills. His work during this time, such as the marble bust of Bernhard Severin Ingemann (1820), demonstrates a clear influence of Thorvaldsen’s Neoclassical style.

Embracing Nordic Mythology

Upon returning to Denmark, Freund distinguished himself as an early proponent of Romantic Nationalism. He was the first Danish sculptor to actively engage with themes from Nordic mythology, creating a series of twelve statuettes between 1822 and 1829. These included compelling representations of figures like Loki (1822), Odin (bronze, 1827), and Thor (1829). His approach skillfully blended the grandeur of ancient Greek and Roman mythological traditions with distinctly Norse subject matter.

Major Achievements and Artistic Style

• Ragnarok Frieze: Freund’s magnum opus, a monumental frieze depicting the apocalyptic events of Ragnarök (the end of the world in Norse mythology). Though completed posthumously by Herman Wilhelm Bissen after his death in 1840, it represented years of dedicated work. Sadly, the original was destroyed in the Christianborg fire of 1884; however, a plaster cast remains at Statens Museum for Kunst.
• Church of Our Lady Decoration: Freund prepared models for figures intended to adorn the Church of Our Lady in Copenhagen, though the commission ultimately went to Thorvaldsen.
• Sculptural Style: Freund’s style is characterized by a harmonious blend of Neoclassical precision and Romantic emotionality. His figures possess both anatomical accuracy and a sense of dramatic narrative.

Later Life and Legacy

In 1829, Freund was appointed professor at the Academy, solidifying his position within the Danish art world. Inspired by his travels in Southern Italy, he had his official residence, Materialgaard, decorated in a Pompeiian style. He mentored several young artists including Georg Hilker, Heinrich Eddelien, Constantin Hansen and Christen Købke who assisted with the decoration of Materialgaard based on Freund’s designs.

Historical Significance

Hermann Ernst Freund played a crucial role in shaping Danish sculpture during the Golden Age. His pioneering exploration of Nordic mythology not only revitalized national artistic identity but also established a unique and enduring legacy. The largest collection of his works is housed at the Glyptotek in Copenhagen, ensuring that future generations can appreciate his contributions to art history. He remains an important figure for understanding the intersection of Neoclassicism, Romanticism, and National Identity in 19th-century Danish art.