The Authority of the Zhe School To understand the weight of Qing dynasty seal carving, one must look directly at Zhao Zhichen. A native of Qiantang, known today as Hangzhou, he did not merely participate in the carving tradition; he led it. As the primary figure of the Zhe School, his work provided a necessary structural bridge between eras. He possessed a technical command that allowed him to pull from the dignified, fluid lines of th…